常减压蒸馏装置换热网络的节能优化

利用夹点技术理论对耗能严重的某炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置进行用能诊断分析;并结合热力学原理得到两种优化换热网络,节能效果显著。     

石油一厂东蒸馏装置的技术改造

介绍抚顺石油化工公司石油一厂东蒸馏装置的改造情况，通过技术改造，使减压蒸馏塔由生产燃料型改造成生产石蜡－润滑油型，满足了该厂对石蜡和润滑油料的质量要求。     

Kinetic Studies on Cocracking of Petroleum Vacuum Residue with Thermoplastics and Biomass (Petrocrop)

Cracking of petroleum vacuum residue (XVR) and its cocracking with plastics (PP or PS), Calotropis procera (CL) as a binary, ternary, and quaternary mixture of these individual plastics, and CL with XVR was carried out in a Perkin-Elmer thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for the purpose of comparing the process of the mixture with those of the individual components. Experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 40 K/min, in the temperature range of 30-900°C. Based on the results obtained, three temperature regimes were selected for studying the nonisothermal kinetics of TGA of individual XVR, plastics, and biomass as well as of the cocracking of these with XVR, i.e., below 400°C, between 400-500°C, and above 500°C. The kinetic studies were performed using the Coats and Redfern kinetic modeling equation. The overall activation energies obtained were 25 kJ/mole for petroleum vacuum residue, 99 kJ/mole for polypropylene, 21 kJ/mole for coal, and 35 kJ/mole for the mixture of all these materials. Thus, it has been found that there exists an overall synergy when three materials were coprocessed together. The overall orders and activation energies change during coprocessing of two or three different macromolecules, including mixed vacuum residue as presently observed. The detailed results that were obtained will be reported.     

辽河减压渣油中金属铁的赋存与分布特征

考察了辽河减渣在吸附分离、酸性溶液萃取和沥青质轻度降解过程中金属铁的分布和转移情况。结果表明，辽河减渣中有近90％的铁富集在胶质和沥青质中，部分铁以侧链较短的环烷酸盐或酚盐形式存在，部分铁连接在沥青质分子的侧链上，或是被包裹在沥青质大分子中。     

OCS表面活性剂工业品的界面活性及驱油效率

针对现有三元复合驱油体系化学剂费用投入大,经济效益差的缺点,利用廉价的大庆减压渣油为原料合成了驱油用表面活性剂OCS.测试结果表明,OCS表面活性剂工业品具有优异的降低原油-地层水界面张力的能力,能在较宽的碱浓度和表面活性剂浓度范围内使不同大庆采油厂原油的油-水界面张力降至10^-3mN/m.在无碱条件下,对于大港油田枣园1256断块原油,当OCS活性剂质量分数达到0.2%时,油-水界面张力即可降至10^-3mN/m.大庆原油的平面模型驱油试验表明,OCS表面活性剂、碱和聚合物三元复合体系（ASP）的驱油效率比水驱提高20%以上.     

新疆重质混合原油研制高等级道路沥青

对利用新疆重质混合原油生产的减压渣油作为基质沥青制备高等级道路沥青进行了研究。考察了低硫石蜡基原油（A）和含硫环烷-中间基原油（B）的掺炼比对基质沥青四组分组成的影响，减压渣油软化点与基质沥青四组分组成的关系，以及添加剂对改进沥青性质的作用。由此得出原油（B）的合适掺炼量，减压渣油软化点的控制范围和优化的生产工艺条件，调合出了符合GB／T18150—2000和JTGF40—2004要求的高等级道路沥青。     

用对苯二甲酸残渣合成混合苯二甲酸二丁酯的研究

以脱除轻组分的对苯二甲酸(TA)残渣与正丁醇为原料,通过酯化反应并对粗产物进行常压和减压蒸馏后制得混合苯二甲酸二丁酯.考察了压力、温度、时间及醇酸比(正丁醇与TA残渣中二元酸的摩尔比)等反应条件对酯化产物收率的影响.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应压力0.5 MPa,反应温度230℃,醇酸比2.8:1.0,反应时间5 h.在此条件下,酯化产物的收率最高,约为93%.制得的混合苯二甲酸二丁酯的产品质量基本符合工业常用增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的质量要求.     

真空技术在污水处理中的若干典型应用

介绍了真空技术在污水处理中的几种典型应用，真空结晶法在以分离污水中具有结晶性能的固体溶剂；真空过滤脱水用于初沉池和消化池污泥脱水，真空浮选法通过制造负压条件加速浮选过程；还有真空搅拌、真空脱气等等。这些足以说明真空技术在污水处理乃至环境保护中占有重要的一席之地。     

Development and Commercial Application of a Novel Catalyst DVR—1 for Catalytic Cracking of Daqing Vacuum Residue

A newly developed catalyst type DVR-1 for catalytic cracking of Daqing vacuum resid was put into use in a commercial VRFCC unit,This catalyst features uniquely active matrix and modified ultra-stable zeolite.The commercial application results show that the DVR-1 type catalyst has the advantage of high heavy oil conversion,good metal tolerance nd gooed stability for catalyst regeneration,The FCC tests have shown Favorable product distribution,acceptable product quality and enormaous economic benefits whe processing the feedstock containin 75%-100% Daqing VR.     

燃料型减压塔汽提段工艺参数对拔出率的影响

探讨减压塔汽提与闪蒸的关系,分析汽提对蜡油拔出率及减压渣油中500 ℃以下馏分含量等技术指标的影响.通过模拟计算和现场数据说明,汽提段内采用填料较塔盘更具优势.与塔盘相比,填料具有压力降小、理论板数多的特点,可以显著提高拔出率,降低减压渣油中500 ℃以下馏分含量.基于汽提段结焦的机理,澄清了汽提段填料层易结焦的误区,提出了解决结焦问题的具体措施.