卫42块整体压裂改造方案研究

卫4 2块自1985年上报探明储量以来,一直因构造、储层分布复杂,产能较低而做为难动用储量区块,经过十几年的勘探实践,尤其通过1997年的滚动勘探,该块的构造特征和油水关系已较清楚,目前已实施开发方案。由该块过去试油成果认识到,若要提高该区油井产能,必须实施压裂改造,同时为配合该区块有条不紊地合理开发,必须对该区进行综合研究,制定出合理有效的整体压裂改造实施方案,为该区块增产稳产提供依据     

Do vertical tax externalities lead to tax rates being too high? A note

When both vertical and horizontal externalities are at work in a federation, they generally distort levels of taxation in opposite directions. This article is an extension of the Keen and Kotsogiannis (Am Econ Rev March: 363–370, 2002) model. It focuses on state tax policy when states provide an industrial public good increasing firms’ marginal productivity rather than a residential public good intended to households. We find that some results related to whether equilibrium state taxes are likely to be too high or too low are much more complex when state-provided industrial public goods are considered. First, we show that in the presence of industrial public goods, a dominant vertical externality may result in state tax rates being too low (and not too high as it is the case with residential public goods). Second, we find that under certain conditions, horizontal and vertical externalities may point in the same direction and reinforce each other towards tax rates being too high or too low.     

55CrMo钢感应淬火工艺的数值模拟及工艺优化

借助工艺实验和数值模拟技术,优化了55Cr Mo钢精密滚珠丝杠感应加热及冷却工艺参数,改善了丝杠感应淬火后的淬硬层分布。构建了丝杠单感应圈加热的有限元模型,通过数值模拟得到了单感应圈加热时沟道区域的温度曲线。数值模拟结果表明:沟道区域的温度场分布不合理是导致淬硬层分布不合理的主要原因。针对单感应圈感应淬火工艺的不足,提出了双感应圈加热工艺。数值模拟结果表明,采用双感应圈加热工艺、喷水冷却带宽度为40 mm时,可保证丝杠沟道顶部的淬硬层深度约为6.2 mm,沟道底部的淬硬层深度约为3.0 mm。工艺实验结果表明,丝杠沟道区域的淬硬层分布得到较大的改善,数值模拟结果与工艺实验结果吻合得较好。     

镀镍金属化42CrMo钢的微观组织与传感特性研究

采用化学镀镍和电镀镍相结合的方法,对光纤光栅传感器进行保护,然后用钎焊方式将传感器嵌入42Cr Mo钢基体中获得智能金属结构,对其微观组织和传感特性进行研究。结果表明,智能金属结构的灵敏度大大提高,比光纤光栅的灵敏度高1倍。     

β-asarone对Aβ1-42激活的ACM所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用研究

目的：探讨不同浓度β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ1-42）激活的星形胶质细胞条件培养液（ACM）对PC12细胞存活率及脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）蛋白表达的影响,以及β-细辛醚（β-asarone）的保护作用。方法：首先,将对数生长期的PC12细胞随机分为正常对照组、ACM（Aβ1-42 3.3 μmol/L）组、ACM（Aβ1-42 10 μmol/L）组、ACM（Aβ1-42 30 μmol/L）组,分别采用实时无标记动态细胞分析技术（Real Time Cell Analysis, RTCA）和MTT法检测各组PC12细胞的存活率,Western blot检测PC12细胞BDNF、AChE蛋白的表达;其次,将对数生长期的PC12细胞随机分为正常对照组、ACM（Aβ1-42 10 μmol/L）组、β-asarone（18.5、55.5、166.7 μg/mL）组,RTCA法检测PC12细胞存活率的改变,Western blot检测PC12细胞BDNF、AChE蛋白表达的变化。结果：ACM作用24 h,各组PC12细胞存活率无统计学差异（P>0.05）,ACM作用36 h,ACM（Aβ1-42 10 μmol/L）组、ACM（Aβ1-42 30 μmol/L）组PC12细胞存活率显著降低(P<0.01);BDNF、AChE蛋白表达随Aβ1-42 浓度增加显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);β-asarone(18.5、55.5、166.7 μg/mL)能显著提高PC12细胞的存活率,β-asarone(55.5、166.7 μg/mL)组AChE表达相比于模型组显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),β-asarone(55.5 μg/mL)组与模型组比较BDNF表达增加(P<0.05)。结论：β-asarone能抑制AChE的上调,对BDNF的表达有促进作用,提示β-asarone对神经元细胞有一定的保护作用。     

Effect of High-Energy and Instantaneous Electropulsing Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of 42CrMo SteelEI北大核心CSCD

42CrMo steel was widely used in many industry fields for its excellent hardenability and high temperature strength. Many transmission mechanisms and fasteners, such as roller and heat-resistant gear, are made of this steel. However, the ductility of 42CrMo steel is relatively low after quenching and tempering. During high tempering Mo riched carbides at grain boundary and undecomposable martensite at low tempering are the main reasons for poor ductility of 42CrMo steel. Grain refinement can enhance both strength and ductility significantly, but traditional refinement technology will cause intergranular oxidation so that strengthening effect was weak. Although thermomechanical treatment can achieve dynamic recrystallization, its refinement effect is unstable. Elecropulsing treatment, which makes significant change in microstructure and properties of metals, has been applied in many fields such as, modification of solidified microstructure of liquid metal, healing of fatigue crack, nanocrystallization of amorphous materials and so on. Moreover, this process can produce superior mechanical properties in metals. In order to improve the mechanical properties of 42CrMo steel better, high-energy and instantaneous electropulsing treatment was applied. In this contribution, 42CrMo steel was subjected to traditional and electropulsing treatment individually. It was found that EPQ treatment (480 ms electropulsing treatment, water cooled) results in finer grain, promoting the formation of retained austenite and twin martensite; EPT treatment (180 ms electropulsing treatment, air cooled) can stabilize retained austenite in EPQ specimen and induce multiphase structure. Mechanical properties results indicate that strength-ductility balance of EPQ and EPQ+EPT specimen are 32% and 13.9% higher than that of TQ (traditional quenched) and EPQ+TT (traditional tempered) specimen respectively.     

纳米固体超强酸SO_4（2-）/Fe_2O_3催化合成正丁酸异戊酯的研究

采用纳米固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3为催化剂,以正丁酸和异戊醇为原料,催化合成正丁酸异戊酯。较适宜反应条件为：正丁酸150 mmol,n（酸）∶n（醇）=1∶1.2,催化剂300 mg（占反应物总量1%）,于150-160℃回流反应3 h,产率达96.30%。     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-HZSM-5型固体酸催化合成尿囊素

以固相分散法制备了用于尿囊素合成的SO42-/TiO2-HZSM-5固体酸催化剂。考察了制备条件(HZSM-5的硅铝摩尔比、二氧化钛与HZSM-5的质量比、浸渍时间、浸渍酸浓度、焙烧温度)对催化剂结构和性能的影响。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、氮气低温物理吸附(BET)、傅立叶红外(FT-IR)、吡啶吸附红外(Py-IR)、以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术,对所制备的催化剂的晶相结构、表面酸性位及比表面积等性能进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的优化制备条件为:HZSM-5的硅铝比为25,m(二氧化钛)∶m(HZSM-5)=2∶1,硫酸浸渍浓度为0.5 mol/L,催化剂焙烧温度为500℃。在优化条件下,尿囊素收率为58.4%。     

15CrMo钢的蠕变-疲劳试验及蠕变回复行为

试验测试了500℃时峰值保持时间分别为0,2,5,10和20 min条件下15CrMo钢的蠕变疲劳性能,重点分析了材料在蠕变疲劳载荷下的变形行为和蠕变回复行为。结果表明,随着峰值保持时间的延长,材料的蠕变-棘轮总变形显著增加;当疲劳-蠕变存在峰值保持时间时,前一个循环中峰值保持结束时的应变值大于再次加载达到峰值时的应变值,存在一定的蠕变回复行为;峰值保持时间越长,15CrMo钢蠕变应变回复量越大,且相同保持时间下的蠕变应变回复量总体上保持恒定。     

提高厚壁容器15CrMo(H)锻钢力学性能的研究

对15CrMo(H)钢临界点、CCT转变曲线、热处理制度、截面与力学性能进行了系统性研究。试验表明,15CrMo(H)钢合适的淬火温度为910～940℃,强度、韧性、显微组织与冷却速度有很强的对应关系。