Enzymatic esterification of glycerol II. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols

Regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>75%) and in multigram quantities by enzymatic esterification of glycerol in the presence of various lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) with a variety of different acyl donors, such as free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, vinyl esters and triacylglycerols, as well as natural fats and oils. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents with low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether, tBuOMe or mixtures of these solvents. Essential for the success of these transformations were the following two factors. First, the creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol and the hydrophobic reaction medium by its adsorption onto a solid support. Second, a facile system for the separation of the desired monoacylglycerol from the reaction mixture, coupled with the continuous recycling of acyl donor and undesirable by-products.     

新型真空关风器的研制

为实现连续真空干燥,开发了一种真空关风器。这种关风器采用弹性密封技术和复合耐磨、自润滑材料来减少关风器的漏气量。漏气率试验证明,该新型真空关风器达到了颗粒物塔式连续真空干燥设备的性能要求。     

玻纤增强聚脂弯管应变导纳试验研究及其动应力分析

探讨了测定玻纤增强聚脂弯管应变导纳的试验方法。给出了力通道和应变通道的标定曲线。确定了玻纤聚脂弯管的第一、第二阶模态频率和阻尼比以及单位力幅下的动应变值。借助应变导纳的幅频特性和相频特性分析了弯管动应力。还用静态试验验证了动态测试的正确性     

高模量聚丙烯专用料的开发

通过在聚丙烯中添加纳米蒙脱土的改性方法,开发了高模量聚丙烯专用料。着重研究了蒙脱土活化处理及加工条件等对专用料性能的影响。结果表明,在采用蒙脱石质量分数为75%的普通蒙脱土时,专用料弯曲模量提高60%以上,冲击强度提高一倍,回缩率降低35%,并且加工性能良好。     

Comparison of YAG: Eu phosphors synthesized by supercritical water in batch and continuous reactors

Luminescent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂) nanoparticles doped with Eu (10 at%) were synthesized in batch-type and continuous-type supercritical water (SCW) reactors. In the case of the continuous-type SCW method, the particles of YAG: Eu phosphors were much smaller and demonstrated a uniform spherical-like shape. Inversely, in the case of the batch-type SCW method, a needle-like or elliptical-like shape was formed because a finite amount of time was required to reach SCW conditions from ambient conditions. However, the emission intensity of YAG: Eu phosphors synthesized by using the batch-type SCW method was stronger. Therefore, it is concluded that the continuous-type SCW method is superior to the batch-type SCW method from the viewpoint of the particle size and shape, but the luminescence property of phosphors in the continuous-type SCW method needs to be improved. In addition, a calcination process slightly improved the luminescence intensities of YAG: Eu phosphors generated by using either the batch-type or continuous-type SCW methods.     

水相酶促酯化法拆分dl－薄荷醇的连续操作

对影响脂肪酶活性、稳定性和对映选择性的因素，如有机溶剂和反应温度等首先进行了优化。其次，使用悬浮于环已烷的粉末状游离脂肪酶（ＣａｎｄｉｄａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒａｃｅａｌｉｐａｓｅＯＦ３６０）作生物催化剂，成功地构建了一个高效的非水相游离酶连续搅拌釜反应器。当使用高度反应性的丙酸酐作为薄荷醇的酰基给体，进行连续的酶促对映选择性酯化反应时，醇的转化率在两周内可保持４０％以上，所生成酯的光学纯度超过９５％ｅ．ｅ。但是，当使用相应的游离丙酸（而不是酸酐）作酰基给体时，薄荷醇的转化率在连续操作开始后迅速下降，表明使用酸酐时的生产力要比使用游离酸时高。最后，对底物溶液的浓度和流速进行了进一步优化；同时对反应器系统的含水量进行了监测，并通过对酸酐料液的浓度或流速进行微调的方法，有效地将有机溶液相的水分浓度控制在一定的范围（２～４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）之内，结果，ｄｌ－薄荷醇对映选择性连续酯化反应非常稳定地运行了两个月之久（转化率４７～３５％，光学纯度９５～９８％ｅ．ｅ．），酶反应器的半衰期超过２００天。     

冗余度机器人扩展雅克比方法的应用研究

采用基于所提出的连续比例因子的梯度投影法,利用模糊推理规则动态求解了多性能指标融合中的权系数,对卫星在轨自维护系统的冗余度机器人推拉帆板作业进行了数值仿真计算。所得到的结果与采用固定比例因子的梯度投影法进行了比较,指出了采用固定比例因子方法的不足之处。实验结果验证了所提出的连续比例因子方法的可行性,为冗余自由度机器人的逆运动学解法提供了新思路。     

Continuous ethanol production from wood hydrolysate by chemostat and total cell retention culture

Chemostat and total cell retention cultures with internal filter system ofSaecharomyc.es cerevisiae H1-7 were carried out to produce ethanol from wood hydrolysate. Maximum ethanol productivity obtained in a chemostat with the aeration rate of 1 vvm was 3.79 g/(L·h). This was 20% higher than that in a chemostat without aeration. However, the substrate was not completely consumed at the dilution rate with the maximum productivity. The realistic productivity, which has higher than 99% conversion rate of substrate, was. 2.95 g/(L·h). The maximum productivity in the total cell retention culture was 6.65 g/(L·h) at the dilution rate of 0.19 h¹ and the residual glucose concentration was negligible.     

一种新的融合粒子群算法的混合蟑螂群算法

针对连续蟑螂算法存在初始解质量不高和算法评价次数过多的问题,提出了一种融合了粒子群算法的混合蟑螂群算法并应用于函数优化问题.首先由基本粒子群算法快速收敛到解空间内一个相对优的解,然后由一种改进的蟑螂算法完成全局寻优.仿真结果显示:混合蟑螂算法具有收敛速度快、求解精度高的特点,其算法整体性能优于已存在的连续蟑螂算法.     

无线随钻测量系统的数据压缩协议研究

在随钻测量系统中,目前采用的主要传输技术是泥浆压力波正负脉冲的方法,该方法所固有的缺点是信号传输速率低,因此,在低信号传输速率下,研究数据的压缩技术,从而提高信号的传输效率具有非常重要的意义。提出采用Huffman技术对数据进行压缩,从而实现随钻测量系统的高效传输。实验证明：压缩比可以满足实际应用需求,具有广泛的应用意义。