Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition via Flexible‐Rigid Coupling Composite Network for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li Metal Batteries

Notorious lithium dendrite causes severe capacity fade and harsh safety issues of lithium metal batteries, which hinder the practical applications of lithium metal electrodes in higher energy rechargeable batteries. Here, a kind of 3D‐cross‐linked composite network is successfully employed as a flexible‐rigid coupling protective layer on a lithium metal electrode. During the plating/stripping process, the composite protective layer would enable uniform distribution of lithium ions in the adjacent regions of the lithium electrode, resulting in a dendrite‐free deposition at a current density of 2 mA cm^?2. The LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄‐based lithium metal battery presents an excellent cycling stability at a voltage range of 3.5–5.0 V with the induction of 3D‐cross‐linked composite protective layer. From an industrial field application of view, thin lithium metal electrodes (40 µm, with 4 times excess lithium) can be used in LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (with industrially significant loading of 18 mg cm^?2 and 2.6 mAh cm^?2)‐based lithium metal batteries, which reveals a promising opportunity for practical applicability in high energy lithium metal batteries.     

枝晶间距对镍基单晶合金蠕变性能的影响

为了研究枝晶间距对镍基单晶合金组织与蠕变性能的影响,采用不同抽拉速率制备出两种不同枝晶间距的单晶镍基合金.通过蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了枝晶间距对合金成分偏析及蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,随着合金枝晶间距的减小,元素成分偏析程度降低,且在相同热处理条件下,枝晶间距较小的合金具有较好的蠕变性能.合金在稳态蠕变期间的变形机制是位错攀移越过筏状γ′相,而蠕变后期的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和切入筏状γ′相.蠕变断裂后,在试样不同区域筏状γ′相具有不同的形貌,在远离断口区域,筏状γ′相与应力轴方向垂直,而在近断口区域,筏状γ′相尺寸及扭曲程度均增加.     

基于骨架树的荧光共焦图像神经树突棘自动分割与检测方法*

提出一个荧光共焦图像中神经树突棘自动分割与检测方法。该方法采用新的自适应区域生长法对神经树突棘目标进行预分割,基于种子点的路径规划算法,以计算给定点到目标点的最短路径来获取初始主骨架;通过建立最小生成树描述模型对骨架进行修剪,利用种子点间的矢量角度变化及顶点距离值对突棘进行检测提取。实验结果表明,该方法能很好地提取树突骨架,并取得了较好的突棘检测效果。     

过冷纯金属熔体中热扩散系数对其枝晶生长的影响

采用相场模型和有限差分方法，模拟了过冷纯金属熔体的枝晶生长，计算区域为二维正方形均匀网格. 建立了不同热扩散条件下尖端过冷度、速度、半径随时间变化的关系；此外研究发现枝晶稳定生长时，其尖端过冷度和速度与热扩散系数成正比，尖端半径与热扩散系数成反比.     

Effect of abruptly changing withdrawal rate on solidification microstructure in directionally solidified Al-4.5wt%Cu alloy简

Al-4.5wt.%Cu alloy has been directionally solidified at constant and abruptly changing withdrawal rates, respectively. The effects of the withdrawal rate on solidification microstructure, primary dendrite arm spacing(PDAS) and liquid solute distribution in front of the solid-liquid interface were investigated. The experimental results for the PDAS at a constant withdrawal rate agree well with the values calculated by the Hunt, Trivedi and Hunt-Lu models. At an abrupt change in the withdrawal rate, the maximum to minimum ratio of the PDAS at a given solidification parameter, i.e. λ1max/λ1min, is more than 2, and the PDAS values are remarkably history-dependent. Further, the liquid-solute distribution curve based on theoretical calculation shows that the larger the initial withdrawal rate is, the smaller the minimum of liquid solute concentration in front of the solid-liquid interface is after the abrupt change in withdrawal rate.     

Formation of twinned dendrites during unidirectional solidification of Al-32%Zn alloy

The present study focused on the formation and crystallographic orientation of twinned dendrites coexisting with equiaxed grains in unidirectional solidification of Al-32%Zn (mass fraction) alloy. The morphology was investigated by optical metallograph and electron back-scattered diffraction technique. Results showed that the macrostructure of the alloy exhibited a typical feathery and fan-like structure while the microstructures were elongated lamellas, which were separated by coherent and incoherent twin boundaries. Both the primary trunk and all lateral arms of twinned dendrites grew along 〈110〉 directions, unlike regular 〈100〉 α(Al) dendrites. The facet growth of crystals at solid/liquid interface was responsible for the origin of twinned dendrites during the weak local convection, and high thermal gradient and medium solidification velocity had significant contribution to the formation of twinned dendrites. The formation mechanism of twinned dendrites which consisted of three multiplication ways of new twin boundaries formation and one way of dendrite evolution in twin plane was shown schematically.     

镍基耐蚀合金Hastelloy C-276锻造开裂原因分析

耐蚀合金Hastelloy C-276锻造过程中出现开裂,对其开裂原因进行了分析,并研究了均质化处理对其组织的影响以提高锻造成材率。结果表明,Hastelloy C-276合金铸态组织中存在大量μ析出相,是导致锻造开裂的主要原因。通过提高均质化加热温度和延长保温时间,可减轻枝晶偏析,经1170 ℃保温10 h空冷后,偏析几乎全部消失,锻造良好。     

Influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al−Si alloy with rheo-squeeze casting

The influence of high pressure and manganese addition on Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al?14Si?2Fe alloy with rheo-squeeze casting (RSC) was investigated. The semi-solid alloy melt was treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) firstly, and then formed by squeeze casting (SC). Results show that the FRPs in as-cast SC alloys are composed of coarse β-Al₅(Fe, Mn)Si, δ-Al₄(Fe, Mn)Si₂ and bone-shaped α-Al₁₅(Fe, Mn)₃Si₂ phases when the pressure is 0 MPa. With RSC process, the FRPs are first refined by UV, and then the solidification under pressure further causes the grains to become smaller. The peritectic transformation occurs during the formation of α phase. For the alloy with the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of RSC sample is higher than that of the SC sample. With the same forming process, the UTS of Al?14Si?2Fe?0.8Mn alloy is higher than that of Al?14Si?2Fe?0.4Mn alloy.     

黏土矿物纳米材料在锂电池隔膜和固态电解质中的应用研究进展

锂离子电池已被广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动汽车和电网等领域,深刻地影响着人们的日常生活。但是受限于其低的能量密度、安全性等问题,需开发稳定、高效的电化学存储材料。黏土矿物因其独特的纳米结构、丰富的活性位点、高的比表面积、丰富的储量和低成本等优点,在锂二次电池领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了黏土矿物纳米材料的分类、结构和化学组成等。然后,综述了黏土矿物纳米材料在锂二次电池隔膜和固态电解质隔膜方面的应用研究进展。最后,总结了黏土矿物在电化学储能领域的优势和不足,并展望了其未来发展趋势。     

Co基合金激光快速熔凝亚稳组织的结构研究

用ＴＥＭ．ＥＡＤＸ及ＸＲＤ分析研究了激光熔敷Ｃｏ基合金的微观结构，表明枝晶组成相是ｆ．ｃ．ｃＣｏ基亚稳固溶体，枝晶间为富Ｃｒ的复杂面心立方Ｍ２３Ｃ６型碳化物和基体相组成的共晶。枝晶二次臂间距为２～３μｍ。在基体相中生成了大量堆垛层错，螺旋形位错和大角度晶界。晶粒尺寸为１０ｎｍ。随激光扫描速度增大，枝晶二次臂间距减小；晶粒尺寸减小；位错密度增大；共晶区范围明显减小；有形成单一亚稳晶体结构的趋势。