连续油管屈曲对环空摩擦压力损失的影响

针对带有非旋转屈曲内管柱的水平井,采用6种非牛顿流体,研究了连续油管管柱在3种流态区（层流区、过渡区和湍流区）和不同屈曲模式（正弦、过渡和螺旋）下对环空摩擦压力损失的影响,以及压力损失与流体流变性能（即屈服应力、粘稠指数和流动行为指数）之间的关系。结果表明,随着轴向压缩载荷的增加,摩擦压力损失显著降低。当使用具有更高屈服应力和更高剪切稀释能力的流体时,该效应更明显。此外,通过比较非压缩管柱和压缩管柱可以看出,随着轴向压缩载荷的增加,摩擦压力损失进一步减少。然而,对于低屈服应力、低粘稠指数、高流动性的流体,压缩管柱的影响则并不明显。     

输氢管道采用X80管线钢的设计建议

高强度管线钢常被用于长距离、大输量天然气管道输送,然而目前的输氢管道采用低强度管线钢,以避免氢脆的产生。为了探究大直径X80管线钢输送加压氢气的能力,对X80管线钢试样进行了拉伸、韧性、裂纹扩展和圆片破裂试验。根据试验结果,分析了输氢管道压力对试样缺陷临界尺寸的影响,从而对X80输氢管道的设计提出了建议。研究表明,在一定输送能量下,氢的运输成本可能比天然气高出数倍。此外,尽管低强度钢的氢脆敏感性更低,但使用高强度钢建造输氢管道比使用低强度钢可带来10%～40%的成本效益。     

N80钢级直缝高频焊石油套管的研制

为了进一步提升高频电阻焊套管的韧性,实现母材与焊缝“等韧性”匹配,采用高频焊+全管体调质热处理工艺试制N80钢级Φ244.48 mm×11.05 mm套管,并对试制产品进行性能检测评价。结果表明,管体的几何尺寸、理化性能和全尺寸实物性能均满足相关标准要求,且经全管体调质处理后,HFW套管的焊缝、热影响区和母材组织性能差异较小,基本实现了焊缝与母材“等韧性”匹配,同时套管尺寸精度较高,性能均匀,具有良好的抗挤毁性能,为油田客户降本增效提供了产品保障。     

混酸刻蚀制备X80 钢超疏水涂层及其耐蚀性研究

为了提升X80钢表面的疏水能力,有效减轻钢的腐蚀倾向,通过混酸刻蚀+低能修饰处理方法在X80钢基体表面制备超疏水涂层,研究了不同刻蚀时间对疏水角的影响,并利用电化学试验与盐水浸泡试验分析了超疏水X80钢的耐蚀性。结果显示:X80钢表面经过混酸刻蚀法处理后,表面涂层致密;随着刻蚀时间的增长,疏水角先增大后减小,刻蚀时间60 min时可实现最大130°疏水角具有超疏水涂层的X80钢耐蚀性明显提高。研究表明,混酸刻蚀法可以在X80钢表面构造超疏水涂层,可有效提升基体耐蚀性。     

全管体扩径对X80螺旋埋弧焊管力学性能影响规律研究

采用全管体扩径技术,研究了X80钢级Φ1 219 mm×22 mm螺旋埋弧焊管扩径前后力学性能的变化情况。结果表明,随着扩径率的增大,屈服强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的增加,屈强比也随之增大,冲击韧性略有下降,DWTT性能变化不明显。在扩径率为0.88%情况下,管体横向屈服强度提高了15.2%,抗拉强度提高了5.8%,屈强比增大了9.8%;管体横、纵向屈服强度一致性提高了51.8%。总体上通过全管体扩径,管材力学性能的一致性得到进一步提高。     

牛蒡寡糖免疫调节作用的研究

经口给予小鼠不同剂量的牛蒡寡糖20d后,与对照组相比能显著地提高小鼠抗体生成细胞数(低、中、高剂量组)、小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬指数(中剂量组)和小鼠脾脏、胸腺器官重量(低、中、高剂量组)。检测结果表明,牛蒡寡糖具有较强的调节小鼠体液免疫功能和调节小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的作用。     

The effect of post-veraison water deficit on yield components and maturation of irrigated Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) in the current and following season

Given their perennial nature, grapevines can respond to deficit irrigation during both the current season as well as during the following season, even though full irrigation may have been restored during that second season. To define the cropping responses involved, three post-veraison irrigation treatments were imposed on spur, mechanically and minimally pruned Shiraz vines that were already receiving restricted water application using Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD). The treatments resulted in the vines receiving 1.25 ML per hectare pre veraison and the three irrigation treatments receiving 1.25, 0.65 and 0 ML of water per hectare in the post-veraison period. Water deficit during the current season reduced berry and bunch weight, and yield. Sugar concentration was reduced, and phenolic concentration increased when less water was applied, but anthocyanin concentration was unaffected. Although irrigation was returned to standard practice (PRD) in the following season, yield was reduced in accordance with deficit irrigation treatments the previous season. This reduction in yield was primarily caused by fewer bunches per vine, which in turn was a direct consequence of fewer shoots per vine (lower budburst). The lower crop load on the vines that had received restricted irrigation post-veraison in the previous season resulted in higher sugar and antho-cyanin concentrations in fruit the following season. Lighter pruning resulted in a greater number of smaller bunches comprising smaller berries. In both seasons the minimal pruning treatment delayed fruit maturity as measured by sugar accumulation. Post-veraison water deficit thus has the potential to impact on both yield and fruit composition during the current season as well as during the subsequent season.     

从马齿苋中提取叶蛋白工艺的研究

采用酸法及加热法，分析了从马齿苋中提取叶蛋白的工艺条件。结果表明：从马齿苋中提取叶蛋白工艺的最佳条件：加热时间为9min，加热温度为75℃，盐酸调pH值为3，液料比为4；该工艺提取叶蛋白的提取率为0.95％，叶蛋白的沉淀率为20.02％。     

马齿苋多糖的超声提取及活性试验研究

利用超声法提取马齿苋多糖，多糖的提取率可高达10．13％，对其粗多糖用DEAE-纤维素柱层析分离，得到一种分子量为57kD的马齿苋多糖，并对多糖做了抗菌和抗肿瘤活性试验。活性试验结果表明。马齿苋多糖对试验菌株有微弱的抑制和灭活作用，却有显著的抗肿瘤活性。     

Composition and synthesis of raphide crystals and druse crystals in berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon: Ascorbic acid as precursor for both oxalic and tartaric acids as revealed by radiolabelling studies

Biomineralisation in the fleshy pericarp of berries of Vitis vinifera L. gives rise to crystals of two distinct forms, viz. raphides and druses, which are found in exocarp and endocarp cells respectively. Druses have generally been considered as crystalline aggregates of calcium oxalate. However, the organic moiety of raphide crystals has been commonly accepted as tartrate, although we have found no analytical data to support that assumption. We now present TEM and X-ray powder diffraction analysis data showing that raphide crystals of V. vinifera berries are composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. This work also established ascorbic acid as the biosynthetic precursor of both oxalic and tartaric acids. When ascorbic acid labelled with ¹⁴C at position 1 was introduced into berries via the rachis, 21% and 52% of the added radiolabel was recovered as oxalic and tartaric acids respectively. Purified crystals from the radiolabelled grape berries contained approximately 20% of the original radioactivity, further confirming the role of ascorbic acid in oxalic acid biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence to be published on the formation of oxalic and tartaric acids from ascorbic acid via two distinct pathways operating within the same physiological entity (organ).