On problems of multicomponent system maintenance modelling

We present an overview of some recent developments in the area of mathematical modeling of maintenance decisions for multi-unit systems. The emphasis is on three main groups of multicomponent maintenance optimization models： the block replacement models, group maintenance models, and opportunistic maintenance models. Moreover, an example of a two-unit system maintenance process is provided in order to compare various maintenance policies.     

Drug self-assembly: A phenomenon at the nanometer scale with major impact in the structure–biological properties relationship and the treatment of disease

Under water-rich conditions, small amphiphilic and hydrophobic drug molecules self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures. Thus, substantial modifications in their interaction with cellular structures and the ability to reach intracellular targets could happen. Additionally, drug aggregates could be more toxic than the non-aggregated counterparts, or vice versa. Moreover, since self-aggregation reduces the number of effective “monomeric” molecules that interact with the target, the drug potency could be underestimated. In other cases, the activity could be ascribed to the non-aggregated molecule while it stems from its aggregates. Thus, drug self-assembly could mislead from drug throughput screening assays to advanced preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, aggregates could serve as crystallization nuclei. The impact that this phenomenon has on the biological performance of active compounds, the inconsistent and often controversial nature of the published data and the need for recommendations/guidelines as preamble of more harmonized research protocols to characterize drug self-aggregation were main motivations for this review. First, the key molecular and environmental parameters governing drug self-aggregation, the main drug families for which this phenomenon and the methods used for its characterization are described. Then, promising nanotechnology platforms investigated to prevent/control it towards a more efficient drug development process are briefly discussed.     

改性酰化壳聚糖缓释肥包膜材料的制备与表征

壳聚糖与辛酰氯酰化反应,制备低取代度的酰化壳聚糖。通过元素分析计算酰化壳聚糖的取代度,并用红外光谱、核磁共振、尿素渗透测试对其结构及渗透性能进行分析和表征。以戊二醛为交联剂,制备了一系列酰化交联壳聚糖膜,用吸水倍率、接触角、X射线衍射仪、热重分析、尿素渗透等对其性能进行分析表征。结果表明,交联使酰化壳聚糖热稳定性提高;酰化交联壳聚糖缓释包膜材料结晶度下降,疏水性提高;随戊二醛含量增加,尿素累积渗透量下降,7 d内尿素累积渗透量由74.7%降低至34.2%,28 d时尿素累积渗透量为76.7%,改性酰化壳聚糖膜缓释性能良好。     

GPC法测定PAN的平均相对分子质量及其分布

用凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC)测定PAN的平均相对分子质量及其分布。采用宽分布的PAN标准试样 ,在溶剂二甲基甲酰胺中加入 0 .0 4～ 0 .0 8mol/L的NaNO3替代LiBr ,提高了色谱柱的分离效果。用计算机模拟出PAN的GPC校正曲线方程 ,对宽分布的标准试样进行重复测定 ,结果相对标准偏差均小于 3 .5 %。     

Ag~+/离子液体支撑液膜蒸汽渗透分离苯/环己烷体系的研究

利用AgNO₃,AgBF₄和[bmim]BF₄,[bmim]PF₆离子液体制备Ag⁺/离子液体"填充型"支撑液膜,用于苯/环己烷的蒸汽渗透,研究了离子液体的种类、银盐阴离子种类、操作温度及原料液中苯含量等因素对苯/环己烷混合体系的蒸汽渗透膜分离性能的影响.结果显示:AgNO₃/[bmim][PF₆]支撑液膜对等体积配比的苯/环己烷混合体系分离效果较佳,35℃时渗透通量为14.81 g/（m²·h）,分离因子为36.59.     

Multicomponent diffusion in phase-separating polymer blends with different frictional interactions: a mean-friction model

We present a compact formula for describing the mean frictional forces acting on a molecule in multicomponent systems. The friction-based diffusion theory of Zielinski and Hanley was extended to newly include the friction-average molar velocity as a reference frame. The results showed that the previous diffusion theories are unified by the friction-average concept by properly choosing the average velocity. The present model based on the diffusivity-related molar average velocity provides better predictions for the diffusive flux in a ternary miscible liquid compared to the other existing theories. The application of the model in phase-separating ternary systems revealed that the introduction of a highly diffusive third component into demixing polymer blends promotes a particular enhancement of the spinodal decomposition due to the difference in the frictional interactions between polymers.     

一种水清洁阳极的基于甲醇渗透的浓度传感器

提出一种基于膜电极(MEA)结构的驱动模式甲醇浓度传感器。甲醇溶液从MEA阴极流过,通过MEA渗透到阳极,Nafion膜既是电解质膜又是甲醇渗透膜。由于引入水清洁阳极,有效避免了甲醇的累积,提高了该传感器稳定性和重现性。该传感器测量范围最大可以达到5 mol/L,适合于直接甲醇燃烧电池(DMFC)系统中甲醇的监测。     

预处理剂对陶瓷膜表面性质及渗透通量的影响

考察了不同预处理剂对陶瓷膜表面性质及渗透通量的影响,结果表明:表面活性剂的加入,使陶瓷膜表面的负电性以及亲水性得到提高,膜渗透通量从100L/(m2·h)提高到200L/(m2·h);碱式氯化铝中Al3+在膜表面的吸附,导致膜表面呈现正电位,相应的膜渗透通量只有50L/(m2·h);吸附剂对渗透通量的影响主要体现其在乳化废水中表面电位的不同,呈负电性的二氧化硅有利于渗透通量的提高,而呈正电性的氧化铝会导致膜通量的下降.     

管线钢氢致断裂门槛应力与氢渗透的相关性

用电化学和恒载荷拉伸试验方法，测定了不同充氢电流下氢在X80管线钢中的扩散系数、试样中可扩散氢浓度以及管线钢氢致断裂门槛应力。结果表明，X80管线钢在0．5mol／LH2SO4 0．25g／LAs2O3溶液中充氢时，试样中可扩散氢浓度(C0)与充氢电流的方根（√i)呈线性关系；恒载荷下氢致断裂门槛应力(σHIC)随氢浓度的对数(1nC0)而线性下降。