Effect of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ on properties of polyaniline nanoparticles

Uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles with typical sizes of about 50 nm were electropolymerized on indium tin oxide surfaces in the presence of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, or Zn²⁺. According to shaping theory, we first suggest the reason forming PANI spherical particles. Their conductivity, UV‐vis spectra, FTIR spectra, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were investigated. The conductivities and crystallinity of PANI doped with these ions are higher than those of PANI doped with HCl (PANI/HCl). Both UV‐vis absorption spectra and FTIR spectra indicate the interactions between Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, or Zn²⁺ and PANI chains. TG analysis also shows that the thermal stability of PANI doped by Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, or Zn²⁺ is lower than that of PANI/HCl. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Synergic influence of a surfactant and ultrasonication on the preparation of soluble,conducting polydiphenylamine/silica‐nanoparticle composites

Conducting polydiphenylamine was used to encapsulate silica nanoparticles through the oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. The polymerization was performed in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Experiments performed in the absence of ultrasound clearly demonstrated that the application of ultrasonication played multiple roles in the preparation of a composite of polydiphenylamine with silica nanoparticles. Ultrasonication dispersed the silica nanoparticles, converted sodium lauryl sulfate to lauryl alcohol, and augmented the dispersion of the silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composite in an organic medium. Silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composites were also prepared in the absence of ultrasound and/or sodium lauryl sulfate. The silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composites were characterized with Fourier trans form infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible/near‐infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3912–3918, 2006     

热处理条件对硅酸盐玻璃中原位形成银纳米颗粒的影响

用离子交换结合热处理法制备银(Ag)纳米颗粒-玻璃复合材料.用透射电镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、Ruthefford背散射谱和紫外-可见光吸收光谱研究了热处理条件对玻璃中原位形成Ag纳米颗粒的影响.结果显示:随着热处理温度升高,玻璃表面的Ag原子逐渐向玻璃内部扩散,其表面摩尔浓度逐渐降低.提高热处理温度和延长热处理时间都有利于提高玻璃中Ag纳米颗粒的体积分数.空气中,高温热处理高掺Ag量的白玻璃样品时发生二次成核,因此,Ag纳米颗粒尺寸呈双峰分布.Ag纳米颗粒尺寸的双峰分布导致其等离子体共振吸收峰出现双峰.在氢气气氛中,在250℃热处理2min,即可在玻璃中形成大量Ag纳米颗粒,颗粒尺寸小于空气中高温热处理样品的尺寸,从而引起表面等离子体共振吸收峰发生蓝移.     

草酸镁分解法制备纳米氧化镁

以草酸和氯化镁为原料，采用固液法制备了纳米级氧化镁粉体。优化了试验条件，并用TEM和XRD对纳米氧化镁的粒子结构和形貌进行了研究。结果表明，在600℃焙烧，得到的纳米氧化镁粒度分布均匀，平均粒径为15nm。并对固液法生成纳米氧化镁的机理进行了初步探讨。     

Electrochemistry at capped platinum nanoparticle Langmuir Blodgett films: A study of the influence of platinum amount and of number of LB layers

Platinum nanoparticles (n-Pt), over-grafted with 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride are assembled on gold electrodes, by the Langmuir Blodgett (LB) technique using behenic acid (BHA) as promoting agent. These layers are electrochemically active without any preliminary activation. The [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4− redox couple was used as electrochemical probe. This paper reports on the influence of the number of deposited LB layers, and the n-Pt density on the electrochemical response. n-Pt density was modified by the change of the “BHA/n-Pt” ratio. Cyclic voltammograms of “[Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4−” were observed whatever the coating conditions. As soon as the first layer was deposited the electrochemical response was associated to the n-Pt coverage, its response slightly increased up to a steady state for five or seven layers. As expected, the increase of the Pt density favored the increase of the current density. XPS analysis performed before and after electrochemical cycling showed that 4-mercaptoaniline capped platinum nanoparticles, and their over grafting were chemically and electrochemically stable. Analysis of influence of the number or the n-Pt density of the layers showed that the electrochemically active part of LB electrodes was provided by the last layer plus a part of the underlying one.     

Influence of ZnO nanoparticles on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of carboxylated nitrile rubber

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles assembled in one dimension to give rod‐shaped morphology were synthesized. The effect of these ZnO nanoparticles (average particle size ～ 50 nm) as the curing agent for carboxylated nitrile rubber was studied with special attention to cure characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and swelling. These results were compared with those of the conventional rubber grade ZnO. The study confirmed that the ZnO nanoparticles gave a better state of cure and higher maximum torque with a marginal decrease in optimum cure time and scorch time. The mechanical properties also showed an improvement. There was an increase in tensile strength by ～ 120%, elongation at break by ～ 20%, and modulus at 300% elongation by ～ 30% for the vulcanizate cured with ZnO nanoparticles, as compared with the one containing rubber grade ZnO. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the vulcanizates exhibited two transitions—one occurring at lower temperature due to the T_g of the polymer, while the second at higher temperature corresponding to the hard phase arising due to the ionic structures. The second transition showed a peak broadening because of an increase in the points of interaction of ZnO nanoparticles with the matrix. The tan δ peak showed a shift towards higher T_g in the case of ZnO nanoparticle‐cured vulcanizate, indicating higher crosslinking density. This was further confirmed by volume fraction of rubber in the swollen gel and infrared spectroscopic studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

热力学稳定纳米层状陶瓷——M_(N+1)AX_N三元化合物

本文概要地介绍了一种新型热稳定纳米层状陶瓷——MN+1AXN相的结构、性能和 应用前景。MN+1AXN相为层状六方结构,能导电、导热。其维氏硬度一般在2—5GPa之间,具 有良好的抗热震性和低摩擦系数,并且易于加工。温度较高时,在空气中会发生氧化。     

液相还原法制纳米镍粉

用NiSO4.6H2O为原料,N2H4.H2O为还原剂,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,用NaOH调节反应pH,合成了纳米Ni粉。采用XRD、SEM及FTIR等分析测试方法对所制得的粉体进行了表征。研究结果表明:在反应温度为80℃,反应时间10~25 min,Ni2+浓度为0.75 mol/L,pH=11,n(N2H4)∶n(Ni2+)=(2~3)∶1时,能得到平均粒径75~200 nm的球形纳米Ni粉。     

Molecular design and characterization of catalysts for NO x selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess based upon ultramicroporous zirconia pillared clays

Approaches to design of zirconia pillared clays via control of the properties of pillaring species in solutions were elaborated. Structural features of pillars and Pt + Cu active components fixed at these nanoparticles were shown to determine catalytic properties of pillared clays in NO_x selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess.     

Si3N4结合SiC窑具的研制及应用

本文根据试验确定了工艺路线,介绍了氯化烧成机理、原材料的选择及生产工艺对制品的影响,生产出的制品技术指标先进,性能优良。作为更新换代的新型窑具材料具有显著的经济效益和社会效益,有着广泛的使用价值。