A polynomial factorization approach to the discrete time GI/G/1/(N) queue size distribution

The queue of a single server is considered with independent and identically distributed interarrivai and service times and an infinite (GI/G/1) or finite (GI/G/1/N) waiting room. The queue discipline is non-preemptive and independent of the service times.

A discrete time version of the system is analyzed, using a two-component state model at the arrival and departure instants of customers. The equilibrium equations are solved by a polynomial factorization method. The steady state distribution of the queue size is then represented as a linear combination of geometrical series, whose parameters are evaluated by closed formulae depending on the roots of a characteristic polynomial.

Considering modified boundary constraints, systems with finite waiting room or with an exceptional first service in each busy period are included.     

双噁唑啉化合物对PBT的增粘作用

以２．２＇－双（２－唑啉）和双（２－唑啉基）苯作扩链剂，用焙融挤出的方法，对聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（ＰＢＴ）进行扩链，考察扩链剂的用量、反应时间和反应温度对ＰＢＴ的特性粘度及端羧基含量（ＣＶ）的影响。结果表明，当用２，２＇－双（２－唑啉）作扩链剂时，ＰＢＴ的特性粘度［η］从０．７９９提高到０．９２６ｄＬ／ｇ，ＣＶ降至５ｅｑ／１０￣６ｇ以下；当用双（２－　唑啉基）苯作扩链剂，［η］从０．７６３增至０．９２５ｄＬ／ｇ，ＣＶ降至１０ｅｑ／１０￣６ｇ以下，达到了较满意的扩链效果。     

高摩擦学性能碳／碳复合材料研制

探索了高摩热学性能碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的制备途径，设计出了高摩擦学性能Ｃ／Ｃ材料的组织模型，并按模型制备出了在碳纤维上分布着球状沉积碳组织的Ｃ／Ｃ材料，实验表明：这种Ｃ／Ｃ材料具有良好的摩擦磨损性能，刹车力矩和速度的关系曲线平稳，初始力矩峰值小，摩擦系数适中；磨损率小，摩擦面光滑；试样无分层、碎裂、掉块等失效情况。     

ZrO_2与40Cr钢钎焊中的缓冲层

本试验研究了ＺｒＯ２与４０Ｃｒ钢在加入缓冲层前后的钎焊连接，结果表明：插入缓冲层Ｃｕ和Ｔｉ可以提高接头强度。对每一种缓冲层，存在一最佳厚度，对应的钎焊强度最大。此最佳厚度对Ｃｕ为０．４ｍｍ左右，对Ｔｉ为１ｍｍ左右。作者认为这是由缓冲层的力学性能和热膨胀系数对残余应力释放产生的两种相反影响而造成的。钎焊时，缓冲层Ｃｕ和Ｔｉ向钎料中均有程度不同的溶解，但不影响钎料对ＺｒＯ２的浸润和反应结合。ＺｒＯ２－４０Ｃｒ钢连接的所有接头均断在陶瓷的近缝区，其断裂方式有三种。     

Development of damage in a 2D woven C/SiC composite under mechanical loading: I. Mechanical characterization

An investigation has been undertaken to determine the damage mechanisms and the associated mechanical response of a 2D reinforced composite of carbon fibers in an SiC CVI-processed matrix subjected to uniaxial tensile and compressive loadings at room temperature. Under tension loading, an extended non-linear stress/strain response was evidenced and related to a multi-stage development of damage involving transverse matrix microcracking, bundle/matrix and inter-bundle debonding as well as thermal residual stress release. This tensile behavior proved to be damageable-elastic with respect to a fictitious thermalstress-free origin of the stress/strain axis lying in the compression domain. In compression, after an initial stage involving closure of the thermal microcracks present from processing, the composite displayed a linear-elastic behavior until failure. The extent of damage over the material was characterized quantitatively at the microscale by the decrease of the average transverse microcrack spacing and at the macroscale by the decrease of both the longitudinal Young's modulus and the in-plane Poisson's ratio.     

Local and global deadlock-detection in component-based systems are NP-hard

Interaction systems are a formal model for component-based systems. Combining components via connectors to form more complex systems may give rise to deadlock situations. We present here a polynomial time reduction from 3-SAT to the question whether an interaction system contains deadlocks.     

Accelerating Refractive Rendering of Transparent Objects

In this paper, a technique is proposed for the rendering of transparent objects interactively using the method of refractive rendering. In the proposed technique, the refractive rendering algorithm is performed in two stages, namely the pre‐computation stage and the shading stage. In the pre‐computation stage, ray‐traced information, including directions and positions of rays, are generated by a ray tracing process and are stored in a set of ray lists. In the shading stage, these data are retrieved from the ray lists for computing the shading of an object. Using the proposed technique, photorealistic image of transparent objects and gemstones with various cuttings, material properties, lighting and background can be rendered interactively. By combining the refractive rendering technique with conventional shading techniques, jewelry and crystal designs can be rendered at a much higher speed comparing with conventional ray tracing techniques.     

Accurate Depth of Field Simulation in Real Time

We present a new post processing method of simulating depth of field based on accurate calculations of circles of confusion. Compared to previous work, our method derives actual scene depth information directly from the existing depth buffer, requires no specialized rendering passes, and allows easy integration into existing rendering applications. Our implementation uses an adaptive, two‐pass filter, producing a high quality depth of field effect that can be executed entirely on the GPU, taking advantage of the parallelism of modern graphics cards and permitting real time performance when applied to large numbers of pixels.     

The IS Organization of the Future: Four Scenarios for 2020

Four scenarios for the IS organization of 2020 are described, based on differing assumptions about two drivers: the advances in the reliability of international telecommunications and the value placed on computerization in businesses and society.