Surface and subsurface products of the interaction of O2 with Ag under catalytic conditions

Polycrystalline Ag treated with O₂ at pressures up to 1 bar and at temperatures up to 920 K was examined by TDS. It was found that the peak commonly observed at 595±25 K and assigned to adsorbed atomic oxygen (O_a) is shifted to higher desorption temperatures with rising dosing temperatures. Since saturation of the uptake was not possible either, this peak was identified as dissolved atomic oxygen (O_d). The existence of a maximum for the O₂ uptake after exposure at 820 K was found. Hence, under conditions of formaldehyde synthesis ( 920 K) the ability of the catalyst to dissolve oxygen is near its maximum.     

提高PVC糊树脂质量小结

叙述了降低PVC糊树脂产品中氯乙烯残留量、稳定糊黏度的措施。通过改进，提高了产品质量。     

几种火山灰质掺合料的火山灰活性研究

采用酸溶法测定并比较几种典型的火山灰质掺合料的火山灰活性,探讨其火山灰反应程度对浆体强度的影响。试验结果表明,硅灰的火山灰活性最大,明显高于煤矸石和粉煤灰;煤矸石和Ⅱ级磨细粉煤灰的火山灰活性比Ⅰ级分选粉煤灰较大;酸溶法测定的煤矸石或硅灰的火山灰活性误差较大,活性偏低;掺合料火山灰的活性与其浆体强度有一定相关性。     

Limestone filler cement in low w/c concrete: A rational use of energy

The effect of limestone filler (up to 20%) on the degree of hydration, the volume of hydration products, and the optimal replacement of limestone filler in cement pastes at different w/cm ratios (0.25-0.50) were investigated by using a quadratic statistical model. The results show an increase in the degree of hydration in very low w/cm ratio paste when the limestone filler content is increased. However, the largest volume of hydration products occurs for high w/cm ratio pastes, for which the available space also increases with the limestone filler content. Finally, for a given cement, the optimum limestone filler content for different w/cm ratios can be obtained by using the gel-space ratio concept.In addition, concrete mixtures (w/cm=0.30 and 0.34) were made to determine the compressive strength. The results have shown that concretes containing limestone filler cements present a small reduction of strength at 28 days improving the hydration of clinker particles in the system. The strength of concrete depends on the gel-space ratio, which takes into account all of the effects produced by limestone filler addition: the increase of the degree of hydration, the dilution, and the increase of the effective w/c ratio.     

压力流化床燃烧煤水混合燃料泵送给料技术在国外的研究进展

压力流化床燃烧技术近二十年来在世界上得到很大发展。煤的湿法给料系统具有比干法输送系统更简单，运行调节更可靠等优点。煤水混合物可泵送的水分在２５％左右，煤的粒度一般为０～６ｍｍ，表现为非牛顿的假塑性流体特性，通过级配来达到一定的稳定性和良好输送性能，且流动阻力低，不用添加剂即可实现泵送，它的应用使压力流化床的燃烧制备和输送系统成本大大降低。     

羟丙基糯米粉糊的特性及应用初探

研究了羟丙基糯米粉糊的性质，以及流变特性和温度影响流变特性的规律，并对其在蚝油食品中作为增稠稳定剂的应用做了初步研究。结果表明，糯米粉经羟丙基化后，凝沉性更弱，受热易于成糊和分散，糊的粘度提高，冻融稳定性极佳，透明度大为提高，但是抗剪切稳定性反而降低。在实验测定的温度下，羟丙基糯米粉糊呈现假塑性流体的特征且假塑性随醚化程度的提高而增强。应用试验表明其增稠效果好、稳定性高，可用做增稠稳定剂。     

Removal of Ag(l), Cu(II) and Zn(ll) ions with a supported liquid membrane containing cryptands as carriers

The interface behaviour in the facilitated co-transport of Ag(I), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions through supported liquid membranes (SLMs) made of a flat-sheet polypropylene membrane support containing cryptands (2.2.2 or 2.2.1) as carriers was studied. The liquid-liquid extraction tests showed a maximum distribution coefficient when the carrier concentration was greaterthan 10⁻⁴M. In transport experiments the transmembrane flux increased with increasing carrier concentration reaching a limiting value at greater than 10⁻³M concentration. The calculation ofthe diffusion coefficients in membranes showed ahigherdiffusivityof2.2.2-metal complexes with respect to 2.2.1-metal complexes for silver ions. A sequence of diffusivity D(Ag+)>D(Cu²⁺)>D(Zn²⁺) was obtained, but carrier 2.2.1 showed a higher selectivity through copper ions. A sequence of diffusivity D(Cu²⁺)>D(Zn²⁺)>D(Ag⁺) was obtained. The diffusivity was significantly higher when using Celgard 2500 support compared to Celgard 2400 or 2402. Variable metal ion concentrations in the feed phase fluxes almost zero, at less than 10⁻² M concentration, were obtained. In the transient state of the transport through the SLM, different molar flow rates at the feed-membrane and membrane-strip interfaces were observed. The selectivity of the interfaces containing 2.2.2 in the separation binary mixtures of ions showed the following separation factors: SF_AgZn = 2.50, SF_AgCu = 1.64, SF_cuZn = 1.42.     

Cement-based materials for stress sensing by dielectric measurement

The self-sensing of stress by measurement of the relative dielectric constant (κ) has been shown in cement pastes containing steel fibers of 8 μm diameter and carbon filaments of 0.1 μm diameter. The κ value increases nonlinearly and quite reversibly with compressive stress up to 6.4 MPa, although the reversibility is not complete. Inferior sensing performance was observed in cement paste with carbon fibers of 15 μm diameter, although the performance was still better than cement paste without admixture.     

利用广西气刀土原料研制高档卫生陶瓷

在对广西气刀土原料性能研究的基础上,进行了在卫生陶瓷坯料、釉料中的应用研究。坯料中加入4%～7%的广西气刀土原料替代等量的2#苏州土,在釉料中引入4～6%的气刀土原料替代1#苏州土,可以生产出理化性能和外观质量达到了美国ASMEA112.19.2M-1998标准要求的高档卫生陶瓷产品。引入广西气刀土原料使泥浆性能增强、厚化系数降低、湿坯硬度特别是内硬度明显提高、干坯抗折强度增大;制品体积密度增加、气孔率和吸水率降低;增强釉面乳浊效果、提高釉面白度,保证和提高产品的热稳定性能。     

Interfacial polymerization of pyrrole and in situ synthesis of polypyrrole/silver nanocomposites

We present a new synthetic approach leading to the formation of polypyrrole architectures in submicron level and to silver/polypyrrole nanocomposites via an interfacial polymerization in a water/chloroform interface. The oxidizing agent was either Ag(I) or Fe(III). In the first case, silver nanoparticles resulted. The mean diameter of the polypyrrole structures is in the range of 200-300 nm according to the addition or not of various surfactants. The progress of the reaction was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, which also revealed the formation of a polaron band during the growth of the oligomers. The crystal structure of the polymers was examined by X ray diffractometry and all samples appeared to be amorphous, while the samples were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.