环境友好型纳米银海洋防污损涂料研究

开发低毒、无毒的环境友好型抗海洋生物污损涂料的途径主要有两个方面：一是寻找防污高分子材料;二是寻找无毒的防污剂,在不破坏环境的前提下防止生物附着。综述了环境友好型抗海洋生物污损涂料的研究现状,结合纳米银在防污涂料中的应用,探讨了抗海洋生物污损涂料的发展趋势。     

防污涂料的发展趋势

阐述防污涂料的发展趋势。从6个方面介绍不合有机金属化合物的防污剂和无毒防污涂料的研发现状。     

国产110m3氯乙烯悬浮聚合反应釜的开发和应用

介绍了国产110m3PVC聚合釜的开发和应用情况。该型聚合釜缩短了聚合辅助时间和聚合反应时间,提高了VCM的填装量,比引进的108m3聚合釜换热能力提高30％、产能提高20％、生产强度提高17.8％。     

低温多效海水淡化设备中对国产阻垢剂的试验

阻垢剂的性能直接关系到低温多效蒸馏海水淡化设备的安全和经济运行,为了验证国产阻垢荆能否满足低温多效蒸馏海水淡化的工艺要求,在万吨级低温多效蒸馏海水淡化装置上进行了现场试验,试验结果表明,国产阻垢剂具有良好的阻垢及缓蚀性能,能够满足大型低温多效蒸馏海水淡化装置的运行要求.     

无纺布改性膜的制备及其抗污染性能研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法引发乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）在聚丙烯无纺布膜表面接枝聚合。聚合物在膜上的接枝度随着接枝时间的增加而增加。傅里叶红外光谱分析表明了NVP在膜表面的成功接枝聚合;扫面电子显微镜观察表明接枝反应使膜的表面粗糙度增加,孔径降低;改性膜表面的亲水性增加,水动态接触角由基膜的113°降至改性后52.1°。静态蛋白质（BSA）吸附试验用来评价改性膜的抗蛋白质污染能力,结果显示改性膜表面BSA的吸附量降低了82.5%。通过纯水和活性污泥上清液过滤试验来分析改性膜的渗透和抗污染性能,结果表明和无纺布基膜相比,改性膜的抗污染能力大大提高,通量衰减率由基膜的91.93%降低到74.60%。     

纳米材料在海洋无毒防污涂料中的应用

介绍了纳米技术与涂料改性的关系,综述了近年来改性海洋无毒防污涂料使用中的几种纳米材料,并分析了纳米材料改性海洋防污涂料存在的问题,对含有纳米材料组分的海洋无毒防污涂料提出开发环境友好型,并与纳米技术相结合低表面能防污涂料是未来发展方向.     

Hydrophilic modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) via a cross‐linking reaction

A highly hydrophilic hollow fiber poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane [PVDF‐cl‐poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membrane] was prepared by a cross‐linking reaction with the hydrophilic PVP, which was immobilized firmly on the outer surface and cross‐section of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane via a simple immersion process. The cross‐linking between PVDF and PVP was firstly verified via nuclear magnetic resonance measurement on PVP solution after cross‐linking. The hydrophilic stability of the modified PVDF membrane was evaluated by measuring the pure water flux after different times of immersion and drying. The anti‐fouling properties were estimated by cyclic filtration of protein solution. When the cross‐linking time was as long as 6 hr and the PVP content reached 5 wt %, the pure water flux (J_v) was constant as ～ 600 L m^?2 hr^?1. The hydrophilicity of the PVDF‐cl‐PVP membrane was significantly enhanced and exhibited a good stability. The PVDF‐cl‐PVP membrane showed an excellent anti‐protein‐fouling performance during the cyclic filtration of bovine serum albumin solution. Therefore, a highly hydrophilic and anti‐protein‐fouling PVDF hollow fiber membrane with a long‐term stability can be prepared by a simple and economical cross‐linking process with PVP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定防污涂料干膜中铜总量的测量不确定度评估

防污涂料涂膜通过微波消解法消解,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜含量,对影响分析结果的各个分量如称量、溶液配制、样品消解定容、稀释、测量重复性、校准曲线拟合等进行不确定度评估。通过对各不确定度分量合成和扩展,指出标准溶液配制和样品消解定容是防污涂料中铜总量测试不确定度的主要来源。     

Editorial of the Special Issue Antimicrobial Polymers

The special issue “Antimicrobial Polymers” includes research and review papers concerning the recent advances on preparation of antimicrobial polymers and their relevance to industrial settings and biomedical field. Antimicrobial polymers have recently emerged as promising candidates to fight microbial contamination onto surfaces thanks to their interesting properties. In this special issue, the main strategies pursued for developing antimicrobial polymers, including polymer impregnation with antimicrobial agents or synthesis of polymers bearing antimicrobial moieties, were discussed. The future application of these polymers either in industrial or healthcare settings could result in an extremely positive impact not only at the economic level but also for the improvement of quality of life.     

Improved performance of the ultrafiltration membranes by simple modification with air plasma treatment and polymeric deposition

This study seeks to increase the antifouling properties of fluorinated polyvinylidene (PVDF) membranes through the synergistic application of plasma treatment and polymer deposition, employing polymerizations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The results show remarkable success in modifications, presenting exceptional performance. Two distinct surface modification methods, plasma treatment and polymer deposition, were used to improve the antifouling properties and filtration performance of PVDF membranes. The plasma used was a discharge dielectric barrier using ambient air as gas, and hydrophilic polymers, PVP, and PEI. The results outlined changes in membrane roughness with a significant roughness reduction of up to 43% evident based on topographic and morphological analyses. Hydraulic permeability analysis revealed a substantial 35-fold increase, indicating a notable improvement in performance. All treated membranes exhibited higher water affinity and superior performance during 12-h ultrafiltration compared to their untreated counterparts. After chemical cleaning, water flux recovery exceeded 85% for all treated membranes, indicating the inherent antifouling properties of the surface.