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61.
The space-time distribution of the basic kinetic parameters of a plasma is experimentally determined under conditions of expansion of plasma clusters and jets into vacuum. It is demonstrated that the dynamics and structure of plasmoids injected by pulsed erosion plasma accelerators of the electrothermal type are characterized by two successive stages or two modes of acceleration, namely, the Joule heating of electrons in the initial region of the path and the collisionless expansion of rarefied plasma. 相似文献
62.
Effect of Rare Earth Element Cerium on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of TiN Coating Prepared by Arc Ion Plating 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
TiN coatings were deposited on polished substrates of W18Cr4V high speed steel by means of vacuum arc ion plating. The effect of cerium on adhesion between TiN coating and substrate was studied. The microstructures and composition of TiN coatings were also investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. It was found that cerium is an effective modifying agent and the addition of suitable amount of cerium to TiN coatings can produce relatively excellent properties such as micro-hardness, wear resistance, oxidation resistance and porosity. The experimental results show that the added cerium in TiN coatings makesa contribution to form the preferred direction along with a (111 ) or (222) close packed face, which may be one of the reasons that improves some properties mentioned above. 相似文献
63.
HUANG Jianfeng CAO Liyun ZHANG Chuanbo WU Jianpeng HE Haiyan 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2005,20(B12):138-140
Nano-particle hydroxyapatite ( HA ) was prepared with a novel ultrasonic precipitation process and the as-prepared nanopowder was used to produce hydroxyapatite ( HA ) coatings on titanium substrate via plasma spraying. The phase and the microstructare of the coating were characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that spherical particles could be prepared by ultrasonic precipitation process; and a corresponding dense HA coating with molten surface and low-porosity cross-section structure was acquired. During the plasma spraying process, new phases of Ca3 ( PO4 )2 and Ca2 P2O7 were generated. After heat-treating at 800℃ for 1 h, the contents of Ca3 ( PO4 )2 and Ca2 P2O7 decreased while HA content increased. Tensile adhesion tests showed that the plasma sprayed coating prepared with the spherical nanoparticles exhibited high tensile bond strength. 相似文献
64.
J. Hong E. S. Lambers C. R. Abernathy S. J. Pearton R. J. Shul W. S. Hobson 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(3):132-137
Dry etching of InGaP, AlInP, and AlGaP in inductively coupled plasmas (ICP) is reported as a function of plasma chemistry (BCl3 or Cl2, with additives of Ar, N2, or H2), source power, radio frequency chuck power, and pressure. Smooth anisotropic pattern transfer at peak etch rates of 1000–2000Å·min?1 is obtained at low DC self-biases (?100V dc) and pressures (2 mTorr). The etch mechanism is characterized by a trade-off between supplying sufficient active chloride species to the surface to produce a strong chemical enhancement of the etch rate, and the efficient removal of the chlorinated etch products before a thick selvedge layer is formed. Cl2 produces smooth surfaces over a wider range of conditions than does BCl3. 相似文献
65.
J.M Mäkynen J.K Jokiniemi P.P Ahonen E.I Kauppinen R Zilliacus 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1997,178(1):74
Hygroscopic NaOH, CsI, CsOH and inert Ag aerosol behaviour at different temperatures and relative humidities (RH) has been studied in a well instrumented and controlled vessel of 1.81 m3 total free volume. Homogeneous thermal-hydraulic conditions for aerosol measurement in the vessel were achieved. The aerosol number and mass concentration were measured continuously during the experiments using a Condensation Nucleus Counter and a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance. The particle size distribution and chemical composition in the test conditions were measured by Berner low pressure impactors. In the case of NaOH the half life of the aerosol mass concentration was more than four times longer at low RH (22%) as compared to high RH (96%). The half lives of the CsOH and CsI aerosols were only twice as long at low RH as compared to high RH. Thus at high RH (96–97%) the half lives of CsOH and CsI were twice as long as the half life for the NaOH aerosol. The faster decay of the NaOH aerosol is due to the smaller density decrease of NaOH during water condensation. CsOH particles grew rapidly to their equilibrium size at all humidities. The measured equilibrium size for CsOH aerosol agree well with the calculated particle size at different RHs. Experimental results were also compared with calculations obtained by severe accident computer codes. These calculated results will be presented in a later paper. 相似文献
66.
一个矢量形式的双圆弧插值算法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文在分析数控插补最常用的双圆弧插值算法特点的基础上,将以局部坐标系中的三角运算为核心的传统双圆弧插值算法,改造成为以整体坐标系中的线性运算为核心的矢量形式的双圆弧插值算法,从而减少了计算的复杂性和程序的复杂性,提高了效率和可靠性。 相似文献
67.
68.
研制了一种脉冲重复频率为10Hz的激光等离子体软X射线源;设计并建立了以掠入射恒偏单色仪为基础的脉冲等离子体软X射线辐射测试系统。光源实验使用能量1000mJ(波长0.53μm)的激光脉冲,聚焦在不同的金属靶上,使之离子化。这种高温等离子体产生的辐射包含了波长0.4~20nm的软X光连续谱和迭加在其上的线谱。靶材有Mg、Al、Ti、Fe、Cu、Zn、Sn、Pb和Bi。得到了不同原子序数的靶材辐射的光谱分布特性。 相似文献
69.
70.
The ElectroScan environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) enables wet samples to be observed by eliminating air but allowing water vapour into the sample chamber. However, evaporation from, and condensation on, the sample may occur during the pumpdown sequence used to reach this state, which means that the sample may not be in its natural state when viewed if due care is not taken. In this paper, the pumping system of the ESEM is described mathematically and expressions are derived for the evaporation and condensation. This treatment is then used to calculate the optimum pumpdown sequence. The importance of using the optimized procedure is illustrated by micrographs of fat emulsions. 相似文献