铅掺杂对钛酸锶钡铁电薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si（100）村底上制备了末掺杂和掺铅的钛酸锶钡（BST）薄膜，研究了铅的加入对BST薄膜的结构和电学性能的影响。实验结果表明：随着铅的加入量的增加，BST薄膜的晶粒尺寸增大；在同一频率下，介电常数呈增大趋势。在测试频率低于50kHz时，介电常数和介电损耗急剧降低。     

Recommended NDT Practice and its Model-based Investigation for Eddy Current Inspection of Aerospace Structures

This paper describes a model-based investigation of inspection standards being developed as a recommended practice for eddy current (EC) NDT of aerospace structures for surface cracks. Compared to experimental investigations that can be laborious and expensive, model-based approach provides cost-effective and quantitative verifications of the recommended practice that covers wide ranges of materials, probes, instruments, frequencies, and test conditions. Probe signals for a number of specified standard notches are predicted and the expected amplitudes and phase-angle ranges are determined for various test conditions, in order to examine the influence of material electrical conductivity, frequency, and probe types. For a few selected situations, the model predictions are validated against experimental data. This study verifies the adequacies of the recommended specifications, especially of the reference notch selections and their response amplitudes for various test conditions, as well as confirming the suitability of using vertical amplitude alone for all the test situations. The influence of probe cable and the issue of three-point calibration are also discussed specifically in this investigation.     

Crack Characterization Method with Invariance to Noise Features for Eddy Current Inspection of Fasterner Sites

There is a need for research in eddy current (EC) nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to improve the reliability to detect, locate and size cracks around fastener sites in multi-layer structures while minimizing the overall cost of inspection. The objective of this work is to develop feature extraction and classification algorithms for crack characterization with invariance to noise features for eddy current inspection of fastener sites. Model-based parametric studies were first performed to explore potential features under a wide array of crack, noise and material conditions. Through these studies, several features were identified to have some invariance to the characteristic asymmetric response due to gaps between the fastener and hole, probe liftoff variation, and probe skew. In particular, a promising feature with noise invariance to all non-flaw conditions considered in this study was found through investigating changes in the eddy current response along a circumferential direction in an annulus region away from the hole center. To obtain a measure of this localized crack feature, an approach was developed using a fit of a characteristic function to the data through nonlinear least squares estimation. A model-based optimization approach was also implemented to evaluate the best signal processing algorithm design to distinguish between several classes of crack size. Using this approach, an optimized measure was found to be well correlated with subsurface crack size and insensitive to noise conditions included in this study.     

Porous Titania Thin Films Grown by Anodic Oxidation for Hydrogen Sensors

Porous titanium dioxide (Titania) thin films were grown by anodic oxidation using high purity (99.7%) titanium foil in a dilute sulphuric acid (1 M) medium. The anodization process was carried out for 30 minutes with 20 mA/cm² and 50 mA/cm² current densities. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and AFM techniques. It was found that the grown porous titania films were less sensitive to 500 ppm hydrogen in air ambient below 300°C; however, the sensitivity and response behavior of the film at 300°C are very much dependent on the growth conditions. Particularly, the films grown at current density 50 mA/cm² and 1 M acid concentration exhibited the lowest response time of 151 sec at 300°C.     

Conductometric Study of Some Metal Halides in Glycerol + Water Mixtures

Electrolytic conductivities of potassium halides, KX (X = Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) have been investigated in 10, 20, and 30 mass% glycerol + H₂O mixtures at 298.0, 308.0, and 318.0 K. The conductance data have been analyzed by the Fuoss-conductance–concentration equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λ⁰), the association constant (K _A ), and the distance of closest approach of ion (R). The association constant (K _A ) tends to increase in the order: 10 mass% < 20 mass% < 30 mass% glycerol + water mixtures, while it decreases with temperature. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH ⁰, ΔG ⁰, and ΔS ⁰ are obtained and discussed. Also, Walden products (Λ⁰η) are reported. The results have been interpreted in terms of ion–solvent interactions and structural changes in the mixed solvents.     

一种用于光纤陀螺光源的新型ATC系统设计

针对光纤陀螺的光源对ATC的基本要求，给出了造成谐振腔温度变化的因素，对LD的帕尔贴制冷原理和传统ATC的工作过程给出了详细的数学分析，建立了LD光源的ATC数学模型；根据系统在高频和低频干扰下的仿真结果，进行了系统参数优化和改进，设计了一种新型的高精度、双向调节ATC系统，在降低功耗的同时大大减小了光源驱动电路的散热和体积，实现了光源驱动电路的高精度、低功耗和小型化．在-30℃～30℃范围内的实际测试数据显示该系统较传统ATC精度提高了一个数量级，达到了0．1％，温度控制精度达到0．1℃，该系统对于光纤陀螺精度的提高和其它半导体激光器的温控研制有着重要的参考价值．     

Influence of cathodic current on composition, structure and properties of Al2O3 coatings on aluminum alloy prepared by micro-arc oxidation process

Alumina coatings on aluminum alloy were prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process using DC and AC power supplies, respectively. In comparison with the coating deposited by DCMAO, the influence of the cathodic current on the composition, structure and properties of the ACMAO coating was investigated. It is found that the coating deposited by DCMAO is composed of α-Al₂O₃, whereas the coating deposited by ACMAO has a mixture composition of α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃. The results of properties show that compared with the coatings deposited by DCMAO, the ACMAO coatings possess higher density, hardness and corrosion resistance. It can be attributed to that the DCMAO coating is rougher and existing much more micro-cracks in its inner layer. As a result, the adhesion of the DCMAO coating to the substrate decreases.     

A physical model and numerical method for losses investigation in superconducting cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC)

A reliable prediction of losses in superconducting cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) is important for a successful application of fusion and SMES coils, given that every Watt dissipated at 4-5 K requires 400-800 W of electrical power to remove this heat load. There are also losses caused by field transients (like plasma disruption, plasma initiation and step discharge) that may influence the temperature margin in the conductor design. It is commonly supposed that the CICC losses are associated with the so-called coupling losses characterized by the nτ parameter. However, we would like to highlight the importance of the eddy current losses occurring in the external layers of the bundle: in some cases they are greater than the coupling losses. Therefore, the nτ parameter is a simplification and does not accurately describe the real physical processes taking place in a CICC. Also, we believe that the coupling currents (additional currents) generated in loops can either be added to or subtracted from the transport current flowing in superconducting strands, depending on mutual orientation of the varying magnetic flux density and transport current vectors. This can affect the stability margin and the ramp rate limitation of a conductor. The physical model and numerical method for estimating different kinds of losses in CICCs are proposed. The suggested physical model, albeit somewhat incomplete, allows an explanation of some experimental results obtained earlier. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for an independent numerical calculation of the eddy current and coupling current loss components and thereby avoid the costly experiments at the initial stage of the design work.     

永磁同步伺服电动机的动态参数

动态参数是影响伺服电动机动态性能最主要的因素之一.动态参数的高低直接决定伺服电动机动态及稳态性能的好坏.对传统的伺服电动机而言,几个主要的动态参数都有较清晰的定义和概念,长期以来在工程实践中广泛使用.但对正弦波驱动的永磁伺服电动机来说,电机的力矩常数Kt、反电势常数Ke、电气时间常数τe、机械时间常数τm和阻尼因数D等都有了新的变化,实践中常引起误解和混淆.文中主要分析永磁同步伺服电动机几个动态参数的含义以及和传统参数之间的差异,并从控制系统的要求出发,对几个最基本的动态参数和参数之间的相互关系进行分析,得出了一些实用的结论.     

基于LPC2132与MTD2009的步进电动机驱动器设计

阐述了微步距步进电动机驱动器的组成及设计方法，提出了实现方案。在具体设计中，充分利用LPC2132单片机强大的控制和处理能力，采用了8通道的高速串行DA转换器，实现4路两相步进电动机驱动控制，并已成功运用于医疗仪器自动控制系统中。