G104-5P42分支水平井钻井液工艺技术

G104-5P42井是在高尚堡G104-5区块构造较高部位部署的一口重点开发井，也是冀东油田第一口鱼骨型水平分支井，钻探目的是开发高浅北区Ng12油层，挖掘高浅北区井间剩余油潜力。该井主井眼斜深为2388m，水平位移为736．42m，水平段长243m，第一分支斜深为2342m，水平段长120．25m，水平位移为682．14m，第二分支斜深为2421m，水平段长117m，水平位移为761．73m。三开选用无固相甲酸盐聚合醇钻井液，在钻进油气层前加入GN-YBJ-I保护剂。应用结果表明，无固相甲酸盐聚合醇钻井液具有好的防塌能力和润滑减阻效果，性能稳定、黏度、切力较低，有利于减少环空压力损耗；在油气层段密度控制在1．08g／cm^3以内，为近年来同区块密度使用最低井，减小了有害固相及滤液对储层的伤害密度，经测试该井获高产油流；该井全井平均机械钻速为15．09m／h，钻井周期比原设计提前15d。该体系的配制及维护成本较高，适宜在目的层井段使用，但可回收再利用。     

硅片和硅器件工艺中的背面损伤吸除技术

本文介绍了硅片背面的三种主要损伤吸除技术：机械损伤、激光辐照和离子注入技术。对这三种吸除技术的机理、工艺条件、应用情况和近来进展，作了详细的评述。     

钻井液与油气层损害及保护室内研究中的数学方法

介绍了在钻井液与油气层损害及保护研究领域里常用的数种具有推广应用价值的数学方法，说明了各种方法的基本原理及其在此研究领域中的具体应用成果。     

Damage and strain in pseudomorphic vs relaxed GexSi1−x layers on Si(100) generated by Si ion irradiation

We compare both the strain and damage that 100 keV Si irradiation at room temperature introduces in pseudomorphic and relaxed Ge_xSi_1−x films grown on Si(100) substrates. The ion range is such that the Si/Ge_xSi_1−x interface is not significantly damaged. The amount of damage produced in pseudomorphic and relaxed Ge_xSi_1−x layers of similar x for irradiation doses up to 2.5 × 10¹⁴ Si/cm² is the same, which proves that a pre-existing uniform strain does not noticeably affect the irradiation-induced damage. However, the irradiation-induced strain does depend on the pre-existing strain of the samples. Possible interpretations are discussed. On leave from Inst. voor Kern en Stralingsfysika, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.     

A Method of Combined SHPB Technique and BP Neural Network to Study Impact Response of Materials

Abstract:  A new method combining the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique with the back-propagation (BP) neural network program is proposed. By this method, the treated strain wave signals become smooth with less noises induced by the transverse inertia. Moreover, the dynamic rate-dependent constitutive behaviour of materials can be identified, without any pre-assumption of a constitutive model. It is found that by taking the experimentally measured data of strain, strain rate and time as 'input' and the corresponding data of stress as 'output' of the BP neural network, the dynamic constitutive behaviour with internal damage or phase transformation evolution is easy to be identified, where the time could represent either the internal damage evolution or phase transformation process accompanied with the deformation process. It is emphasised that the data learnt by the BP neural network must include both loading and unloading processes, if the whole loading and unloading response is to be correctly predicted. The comparisons between the predictions and experimental results are in good agreement for both polyamide (PA) polymer (as an example of nonlinear viscoelastic materials) and Ti–Ni alloy (as an example of superelastic materials with stress-induced phase transformation).     

陕北富县探区天然气藏钻井液屏蔽暂堵技术

陕北富县探区上古生界储层属低孔、低渗的致密储层,下古生界主要储集空间为溶蚀孔洞和裂缝,孔洞多为1～3 mm的小孔,裂缝宽度为0.2～7.0 mm,油气主要聚集在裂缝中.优选出了由复合暂堵剂CXD、憎水性屏蔽剂DYC和表面活性剂ABA组成的屏蔽暂堵配方,其中CXD具有架桥作用并对裂缝性储层有独特暂堵效果,DYC有浊点效应、能在井壁上快速形成阻止滤液侵入的油膜,ABA能减少水锁损害.加入暂堵剂后的钻井完井液,抑制性增强,页岩回收率在90%以上;高温高压滤失量降低,滤饼薄而韧、光滑;岩心静态渗透率恢复值大于90%;滤饼摩阻系数降低.富古6井通过使用该完井液,堵塞比和表皮系数都在轻微污染范围内,井径扩大率比其它井有不同程度的降低,表明优选出的屏蔽暂堵钻井完井液,能很好地保护陕北探区天然气藏.     

原油沥青质沉积引起储集层损害的室内评价

防止沥青质沉积造成的储集层损害是渤海稠油油藏开发生产中遇到的技术难题之一。结合渤海SZ36-1油田实际情况，使用岩心流动实验装置，建立沥青质沉积导致储集层岩心渗透率下降的室内评价方法，并应用SARA法对稠油发生沥青质沉积的可能性进行预测。评价实验结果表明，损害程度与沥青质沉积量和储集层岩心的原始渗透率有关。沉积量越大，原始渗透率越低，则损害越严重。表5参12     

双头螺栓失效分析

与汽车电机装配在一起的双头螺栓在拧紧后不久便发生断裂。采用扫描电镜、化学分析、金相检验等方法对失效件进行了检测，同时又进行了氢脆试验验证。结果表明，螺栓在进行表面酸洗及电镀时，氢向金属内部扩散和富集，当氢浓度达到一定临界值后，促使氢致裂纹的产生和扩展。在外应力的作用下，即出现氢脆现象导致螺栓断裂。     

用屏蔽暂堵技术封堵水平井裂缝性漏层

克拉玛依油田HW702水平井的大斜度段和水平段,将穿越纵向裂缝发育的二叠系佳木河组储层。为安全钻进和保护油层,用超细碳酸钙和磺化沥青复配后加入复合离子钻井液中成屏蔽暂堵的堵漏钻井液。室内用岩心试验,屏蔽暂堵后渗透率可降为0,暂堵深度小于3cm,可用酸化和射孔解堵。现场使用效果也很好,使HW702水平井顺利完钻,并获得工业油气流。     

Bridge design with reserve and residual reliability constraints

System reliability is evolving as an important design method for selecting components and topology. It should be used to investigate the original intact structure behavior as well as providing sufficient reserve capacity under likely accident and damage scenarios. Highway bridges are an area of special concern since effort to optimize the cost of construction may not provide adequate redundant capacity. The paper describes an example in which a typical girder bridge structure is optimized (both size and girder spacing) to achieve target system performance. System reliability constraints are imposed on the behavior of the intact structure under highway loads. Also, residual system reliability constraints are imposed to control safety under specified accident scenarios corresponding to damage and “lost” members due to corrosion, fatigue, fire or accidental collisions. An optimal design framework for controlling safety under all these life cycle situations is thus provided.