铁矿开发利用经济评价分析——以新疆哈密M1033铁矿为例

哈密市M1033铁矿为一中型磁铁矿床,位于新疆哈密市东南280 km处。矿床属于高温热液改造—沉积变质型磁铁矿床。以往人们研究较少,2005年后小规模间歇性开采至2015年后停产。由于矿床规模中型及市场铁矿石短缺,现已引起学术界、勘查界和矿业界关注。本文在矿床地质特征基础上,从矿山区位环境、开采技术条件、资源保障、采矿方法、矿石可选性五个方面进行系统分析,进而对该铁矿开发利用的经济性进行分析。采用经济评价方法之增量经济评价法进行评价,在拟设条件下,测算达产年利润总额为1915.1万元/a,净利润为1436.33万元/a,项目所得税后财务内部收益率为10.11%,高出行业基准收益率(行业基准收益率ic=10%)0.11%。本研究成果对区内同类矿山的开发利用评价和投资决策具有一定的参考意义。     

印尼苏门答腊岛巴东地区埃达克质岩地球化学特征和构造环境意义

根据苏门答腊岛巴东地区的岩石化学分析数据与典型埃达克岩进行对比,本文讨论其地球化学特征及其大地构造环境意义。对比结果表明: 该地区的埃达克质岩微量元素特征为低Sr含量（一般为3.88×10-6-83.6×10-6）,低重稀土元素Y含量（≤20×10-6）和低Yb含量（≤1.9×10-6）,低Sr/Y比值（1.09-18.55）。在微量元素蛛网图上有Th、Ba正异常峰和强烈的Nb、Ta、Ti 等元素负异常。稀土元素La/Yb比值为1.28-35.46,在REE元素配分曲线模式图上显示LREE富集和不富集两种模式,属于C-型和O-型埃达克岩。该地区埃达克质岩的大地构造环境位于洋-陆碰撞带附近的活动大陆边缘火山弧带中,岩浆来源于俯冲板片局部熔融叠加地幔楔的局部熔融和混染（MASH）区。埃达克岩的分布区域与矽卡岩型铜-金矿、铁矿和浅成热泉型金矿成矿带分布相一致,具有重要的指示意义。     

纳米比亚不同类型铀矿床成因初探

纳米比亚的铀矿床主要有3种类型:侵入岩(白岗岩、伟晶岩)型、表生型(钙结岩型)、砂岩型(层控型)。矿床成因主要有两种类型,产于侵入岩中的白岗岩及伟晶岩型铀矿床,主要形成于岩浆的结晶分异与后期的热液叠加改造;产于钙结岩及沉积岩中的铀矿床,主要形成于新近纪富铀岩体中铀的活化转移,由于气候变化等原因铀富集成矿,后期的氧化作用形成次生铀矿物。     

Contributions of wastewater, runoff and sewer deposit erosion to wet weather pollutant loads in combined sewer systems

An observatory of urban pollutants was created in Paris for the purpose of assessing the dynamics of wastewater and wet weather flow (WW and WWF) pollutant loads within combined sewers. This observatory is composed of six urban catchments, covering land areas ranging in size from 42 ha to 2581 ha. For a wide array of parameters including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD₅), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), heavy metals (Cu and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), this article is intended to evaluate the contributions of wastewater, runoff and in-sewer processes to WWF pollutant loads through the use of an entry–exit mass balance approach. To achieve this objective, a total of 16 rain events were sampled on these sites between May 2003 and February 2006. This study has confirmed that at the considered catchment scale (i.e. from 42 ha to 2581 ha) the production and transfer processes associated with WWF pollutant loads do not vary with basin scale. Entry–exit chemical mass balances over all catchments and for a large number of rain events indicate that wastewater constitutes the main source of organic and nitrogenous pollution, while runoff is the predominant source of Zn. For Cu, PAHs and TSS, the calculation underscores the major role played by in-sewer processes, specifically by sediment erosion, as a source of WWF pollution. A significant loss of dissolved metals was also observed during their transfer within the sewer network, likely as a consequence of the adsorption of dissolved metals on TSS and/or on sewer deposits. Moreover, the nature of eroded particles was examined and compared to the various sewer deposits. This comparison has highlighted that such particles exhibit similar organic and PAH contents to those measured in the organic layer, thus suggesting that the deposit eroded during a wet weather period is organic and of a nature comparable to the organic layer. Despite the extent of initial field investigations, no organic deposit was observed to be present on sewer lines within the catchments, which implies that this organic deposit is probably present in another form or to be found elsewhere in the main trunks.     

桉木硫酸盐浆生产过程中树脂障碍的分析与控制

针对商品漂白桉木硫酸盐浆生产过程中出现的一系列树脂障碍问题，先利用X射线荧光光谱仪等分析手段，确定桉木树脂障碍的性质和原因。然后在实际生产过程中，通过严格备料、筛选、漂白工段的工艺控制，结合添加超细滑石粉、磷酸三钠螯合剂等辅助措施，控制生产过程的树脂障碍发生。商品浆板的尘埃度明显降低，工艺流程中树脂沉积现象大大减少，取得了较好的效果。     

花岗岩矿矿床地质特征及开采技术条件分析

研究了河南省南召县田家庄饰面用花岗岩矿的矿床地质特征及开采技术条件,分析了矿区地层、构造、岩浆岩、覆盖层及风化层地质特征,研究了矿体特征、矿石质量及其特征、断裂及节理和裂隙分布发育特征、矿石类型和品级、矿体围岩及夹石、矿床成因及找矿标志等矿床地质特征。通过水文地质、工程地质、环境地质调查工作,基本查明了矿区的水文地质、工程地质和环境地质条件,区内岩石类型简单,矿体及围岩主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,岩体呈块状结构,地质构造简单,不会形成岩体滑动,矿体与围岩工程地质条件稳定,不易发生矿山工程地质问题,工程地质条件为第二类简单型。矿石和废石不易分解出有害组分,但在矿山开采时会对原有地形地貌造成破坏,存在一定的不良地质灾害隐患。矿区地表附近无污染源,无放射性异常,环境地质条件中等。研究可作为矿山建设的依据。     

特大型低品位有色矿山基地建设新模式的探索

以中国黄金集团内蒙古矿业有限公司所属的乌努格吐山铜钼矿开发利用的实践为背景,分析了该铜钼矿开发面临的问题与挑战,进而对大型低品位有色矿山基地建设新模式进行探索研究,以期为我国大型低品位有色矿山合理开发利用提供借鉴。     

小江断裂沿线低阶地面热释光年代学标尺的研究

用ＴＬ测年技术测定了沿小江断裂发育的主要河流低阶地沉积物的堆积年龄，结合毗邻地区同级阶地沉积物的堆积年代，估算了研究区低阶地面的形成时代，为建立研究区最新气候，构造事件的序列提供年代学依据。     

造纸沉积物的化学点滴分析

解决造纸沉积物问题首先需要了解沉积物的组成。化学点滴分析使用方便，操作简单，试剂用量少，可以在数分钟内确定沉积物中是否含有某些特定的物质，适合现场快速测定。该文介绍了沉积物化学点滴分析的基本原理、应用和测试步骤。     

Slope deposits and water paths in a spring catchment, Frankenwald, Bavaria, Germany

The spring catchment under study is underlain by shale, on which several layers of slope sediments (cover-beds) are deposited. The upper of these layers contain eolian fines mixed into shale-derived debris, which latter material entirely comprises the basal cover-bed. Due to its dislocation by solifluction, the shale debris has a tegular structure. This leads to hydraulic anisotropy, particularly where no fine earth occurs. Thus, water that seeps into such material is forced to flow laterally while vertical movement is impeded. The basal cover-bed therefore hosts a deep aquifer. Only during major discharge events, excess hydrostatic pressure makes water flow into upper parts of the soils, being mixed with surficially interflowing water. Most of the time, however, there are two levels of water flow at different depths with different dwelling times, which finding is supported by probably geogenic sulphur isotopes in the deeply flowing water that are different from precipitation water.KurzfassungDas bearbeitete Quelleinzugsgebiet liegt in Tonschiefer, welcher mit Deckschichten bedeckt ist. In die oberen Deckschichten wurde Löß eingearbeitet, während die untere ausschließlich aus umgelagertem Anstehenden besteht. Dieses Material wurde solifluidal verlagert und dabei mit einer dachziegelartigen Struktur abgelagert. Diese führt zu hydraulischer Anisotropie besonders in feinerdearmen Schichten. Wasser, das darin einsickert, fließt bevorzugt lateral, während vertikale Bewegungen stark behindert werden. Deshalb ist in der Basislage ein tieferes Aquifer entstanden. Während ausgeprägter Abflußereignisse wird der Überdruck darin jedoch so groß, daß es zu einem Aufpressen des Wasser in hangende Schichten und dort zur Vermischung mit höherem Zwischenabfluß kommt. Zumeist aber gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Interflow-Stockwerke in verschiedenen Tiefen. Dies wird bestätigt durch eine wahrscheinlich geogene Sulfatbeimischung im tieferen Stockwerk, die sich vom Niederschlagswasser in den Isotopen unterscheidet.