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141.
The processes occurring in aprotic electrolyte on a lithium electrode in the steady state conditions and under polarization
are studied using the method of electrochemical noise characterization. The evidence of the electro-chemical noise measurements
on polarized lithium electrodes indicates that the discharge of lithium ions under cathodic polarization, as well as lithium
anodic dissolution, is localized under the passive film rather than on its surface. An increase in the polarizing current
results in local breakdown of the film; in this case, the electrochemical process emerges on the electrode surface affecting
the character of potential fluctuations. The intensity of electrochemical noise significantly increases in the course of cathodic
polarization with high currents. The reason is that lithium metal crystals, which are formed under the passive film, perforate
the film, and dendrites grow on its surface. The method shows the dependence of electrochemical noise intensity on the nature
of the electrolyte and establishes the correlation between the stability of the lithium electrode in the course of cycling
and the intensity of fluctuations. This offers an opportunity of using the method of electrochemical noise for screening organic
electrolytes for lithium batteries. 相似文献
142.
143.
Deconvolution of the electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) discharge curve has indicated the presence of a number of energetically different reduction processes. This has been used to determine the contribution of each reduction process to the total discharge. Using step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS), the i-t data were modelled as the sum of the discharge of the individual reduction processes. From this, A√ D for each reduction process as a function of degree of discharge was determined. The maximum A√ D values for each process ranged from 2.3×10−2 to 4.0×10−4 cm3 s−1/2 g−1 values are consistent with previously reported values for A√ D, although in this case we have determined values for the entire compositional range. 相似文献
144.
The influence of electrode potential on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in a 0.1 mol L–1 Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 5.5) is described. Controlled potential electrolyses were carried at 0.9, 2.0 and 3.0 V vs Ag/AgCl and the solutions analysed by square wave voltammetry, high performance liquid chromatography, chloride ion selective electrode and spectroscopy in the ultraviolet–visible region. At low positive potential (0.9 V), the formation of an adherent film on the electrode surface involving the transference of 1 electron per PCP molecule was observed. The film was identified as the dimer 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-4-pentachlorophenoxy-2,5-cyclohexadienone and the current efficiency was as high as 90%. At potentials close to the onset of O2 evolution (2.0 V), the formation of the corresponding quinone (p-tetrachlorobenzoquinone) was detected at the beginning of the process. This was followed by further oxidation to the hydroxy-benzoquinone with a practically quantitative yield. Electrolyses carried out well into the region of oxygen evolution (3.0 V) lead to the electrochemical combustion of PCP to CO2 and H2O as well as to the release into solution of 5 Cl– ions per PCP molecule destroyed. 相似文献
145.
ABSTRACT This study explores an electrochemical adsorption method on the regeneration of aqueous drilling fluid waste. Response surface analysis was applied to investigating the electrochemical factors on the adsorption performance. The response surface polynomial model optimized the preferred electrochemical adsorption conditions with adsorption time of 20 min, spacing electrodes of 5 cm, adsorption concentration of 5% and NaCl concentration of 2 g/L. The model calculated electrochemical adsorption amount of drilling fluid showed only 1.3% deviation from the experimental results. Thus, the model could provide effective support for the device design and application of drilling fluid electrochemical adsorption process. 相似文献
146.
147.
148.
H. Marchebois S. Touzain S. Joiret J. Bernard C. Savall 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2002,45(4):415-421
The effect of addition of conductive pigments like carbon blacks on the corrosion behavior of zinc-rich powder paints coated steel in artificial sea water was investigated. Open circuit potential measurements were used to characterize the cathodic protection ability and duration. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed in order to identify the corrosion products and to follow the penetration of the solution inside the coatings.
Two different effects were pointed out: an increase of the porosity induced by carbon addition and a galvanic action between zinc and carbon pigments. The performance of the powder coatings, strongly improved if the carbon amount is sufficient, was compared to the one reported for solvent-based zinc-rich paints. 相似文献
149.
A simple solid state technique for electrochemical micromachining of metal substrates using a metal ion conductor (Na-β″-Al2O3) was proposed. The fundamental solid electrochemical cell consists of a (anode) metal substrate (M = Ag, Cu, Zn, and Pb)/pyramidal Na-β″-Al2O3/Ag (cathode) system, where the contact diameter between M/Na-β″-Al2O3 was extremely small, on the order of a few micrometer. Under an applied electric field, the metal substrate was electrochemically oxidized to metal ions (Mn+) at the M/Na-β″-Al2O3 microcontact. These Mn+ ions migrated into the Na-β″-Al2O3. As a result of continuous electrolysis, the metal substrate was locally consumed at the microcontact, and thus solid state electrochemical micromachining was accomplished. As expected, the machining size or depth depended on the electrolysis conditions (current, operating time) and the apex configuration of pyramidal Na-β″-Al2O3. Moreover, the scanning of the Na-β″-Al2O3 pyramid during electrolysis produced a fine patterned metal substrate. In the present paper, solid state electrochemical micromachining was performed for several metal substrates, and its advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the conventional electrochemical micromachining method are discussed in detail. 相似文献
150.
Charge transfer on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The diamond films of 5 μm thickness and boron content between 200 ppm and 3000 ppm were prepared by the hot filament CVD technique
on niobium substrate and mounted in a Teflon holder as rotating disk electrodes. The electrochemical measurements were carried
out in aqueous electrolyte solutions of 0.5 M Na2
SO
4 + 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]. Significant deviation in the redox behaviour of BDD and active Pt electrodes was indicated by a shift of the peak potentials
in the cyclic voltammograms with increasing sweep rate and lower limiting diffusion current densities under rotating disk
conditions. In the impedance spectra an additional capacitive element appeared at high frequencies. The potential and rotation
dependence of the impedance spectra can be described quantitatively in terms of a model based on diffusion controlled charge
transfer on partially blocked electrode surfaces. Direct evidence for the non-homogeneous current distribution on the diamond
surface was obtained by SECM measurements. 相似文献