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本文简要介绍了国外在开发超酸性气体过程中遇到的材料选择、腐蚀监测、水化物堵塞、超酸性气的处理和加工等问题所采取的措施和办法。     

A new approach to the mechanism of chlorine evolution: Separate examination of the kinetic steps using ac impedance on a rotating thin ring electrode

In the absence of a bulk diffusion effect, it is shown for the first time that the impedance spectra for the chlorine evolution reaction on a rotating thin ring electrode comprise three consecutive semicircles in the capacitive half of the complex plane. The first (highest frequency) semicircle is due to the charge-transfer resistance for chloride discharge and the simultaneous chlorine adsorption coupled to the double-layer capacitance. The second semicircle (around 5 Hz) is due to the adsorption and desorption of a chlorine intermediate. The third (lowest frequency, around 0.5 Hz) semicircle is due to the relaxation of surface oxygen species. The impedance data allow the steps of the overall reaction to be examined individually. On a Pt surface the rate of chloride discharge and simultaneous chlorine adsorption (the admittance of the first semicircle) is first order with respect to chloride concentration and has a potential-dependence close to 58 mV/decade. The rate of the adsorption and desorption process (the admittance of the second semicircle) is second order with respect to chloride concentration, and has a potential dependence close to 30 mV/decade. The time constant for the adsorption/desorption processes is ca 20 ms, independent of electrode potential in the range studied. These features are consistent with a mechanism in which a faster discharge reaction (Cl⁻ Cl_ad + e) is followed by a slower surface combination reaction (2Cl_ad → Cl₂), but inconsistent with mechanisms in which ion + atom desorption is predominant, the initial chloride discharge is slow, or a unipositively charged chlorine species is involved.     

航空齿轮表面硬化层断裂性能研究

按照航空齿轮的具体工艺过程，对材料12Cr2Ni4A的拉伸试样和断裂试样进行设计和加工，通过三点弯曲实验，重点研究了齿轮材料硬化层的硬度分布，硬化试样拉伸力学性能参数和断裂性能参数，实验结果表明，所采用试样的加工工艺方案是可行的，所获得的Kc基本反映我国航空硬化齿轮材料的断裂性能特征，为定量预测航空硬化齿轮疲劳寿命提供实验和理论分析的依据。     

Relative Contributions of the Male and the Female to Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Success in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica).

Two contrasting investigative techniques provided evidence consistent with the interpretation that female quail (Coturnix japonica) regulate male copulatory behavior by the duration of their immobility and through this behavioral mechanism they also control the rate of fertilization of their eggs. In Experiment 1, copulation tests with males and females from different genetic lines showed that the type of female that participated in a copulatory test significantly influenced the latency of the male's grab, mount, and cloacal contact responses and also determined the efficiency of the male's copulatory behavior. These measures of male performance were correlated with female immobility in Experiment 2, which used a more homogeneous population of quail. Furthermore, 2 of these measures (copulatory efficiency and the latency to make cloacal contact) were correlated with fertilization rate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Complete corrosion inhibition of lamellar zinc pigment in aqueous alkaline media

Lamellar zinc pigment reacts in aqueous alkaline media (e.g., water-borne paints) with the evolution of hydrogen. This corrosion reaction can be inhibited by 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzoic acid (HDNBA) and 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid (2-H-3-NBA) which all have a nitro-group ortho to a hydroxy-group; this structural part of the inhibitors can be considered as a potential chelating group which may explain the corrosion inhibiting effect. As a rule, with triethylamine (TEA) as neutralizing agent corrosion inhibition is slightly better when compared to dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). With TEA there is complete corrosion inhibition with addition of 2,4-DNP at pH 8 and 10; with 2-H-3-NBA there is complete inhibition at pH 10.     

对HIC试验中两种不同腐蚀介质酸碱度的探讨

HIC是腐蚀试验中常用的检测方法,用来测评材料在含硫化氢环境中对氢离子敏感性大小.其包含两种不同的腐蚀介质,不同的腐蚀介质中酸碱度是不一样的,腐蚀介质的酸碱度对试验结果有较大的影响,为此,运用电离平衡理论,计算并分析两种不同腐蚀介质电离平衡前后的氢离子浓度变化,得出动态反应平衡时氢离子浓度的关系式,从而获得介质中精确的氢离子浓度,并对腐蚀介质中相关离子进行了探讨,为进一步探究相关环境中的腐蚀机理提供了依据.     

降凝剂对高蜡稠油的改性效果及机理研究

实验研究了工业品原油降凝剂WHP改善含蜡56.9%、其中96.6%为正构烷烃的胜利郑王庄稠油流动性的效果。WHP含乙烯/醋酸乙烯/乙烯醇嵌段聚醚三元共聚物30%-35%。在60℃将WHP加入稠油中,测定其凝点和32℃、0-42.6 s^-1范围5个剪切速率下的黏度,均随WHP加量的增加（50-300 mg/L）而降低,200 mg/L为最佳加量,在该加量下0.32 s^-1黏度由34.16 Pa·s降至79.2 mPa·s,凝点（℃）、屈服值（Pa）、稠度系数（Pa·s^n）分别由49.0、32.42、31.57降至39.5、0.1297、0.02142,流型指数由0.1176升至0.9790。由黏温曲线求出,加入200mg/L WHP使该稠油析蜡点由65℃降至58℃,反常点由70℃降至50℃。根据空白和加剂原油扫描电镜照片显示的蜡晶形态,利用共晶机理分析讨论了WHP这种高分子表面活性剂的降凝、降黏、改善流动性的作用。图3表3参5。     

气相色谱在线分析变压吸附法制纯氢中的总碳

利用带镍加氢转化炉的气相色谱仪 ,在线分析变压吸附法制纯氢中的总碳。该法用变压吸附法制的纯氢作燃气 ,在检测器前端将氢气中的CO和CO2 转化为CH4,然后用氢火焰离子化检测器检测 ,直接以检测器的信号 (mV)进行定量。当氢气中总碳体积分数在 1 9～ 5 0 0 μl/L时 ,FID信号值与总碳体积分数有良好的线性关系。方法回收率为 99 90 %～ 10 1 9%,相对标准偏差 <1%。