FeCl3-NiCl2石墨层间化合物光催化性能初探

石墨层间化合物是一个近似的二维物理系统,人们对其独特的电学和磁学性质已开展广泛研究,但尚未见到有光催化活性方面报道。本文采用混合加热法制备了多种阶结构的FeCl3-NiCl2石墨层间化合物。将其添加到甲基蓝溶液中,通过紫外光辐照、阳光辐照和暗箱放置等试验发现所合成的石墨层间化合物具有光催化活性,且混合阶结构的样品光催化活性更高。     

The effects of reduction of the deposited waste on short‐term landfill leachate composition of a landfill: a case study in Norway

Municipal solid waste landfill leachate was sampled over from a landfill receiving varying amounts of municipal solid waste. The investigation aimed to provide information on expected leachate changes in the short term, either after closure of an active landfill, or after a strong decline in the amount of waste deposited at smaller landfills. It was found that during a two year period following a sudden decline in the amount of waste deposited, the levels of various chemical and physical parameters all dropped sharply. The reasons for the decline in discharge levels are thought to be aerobic decomposition taking place in the municipal solid waste just after landfilling, and thus the decline in the impact of this process when there were less fresh waste masses available, and formation of preferential flow paths for the leachate as the municipal solid waste stabilized in the landfill.     

焦化废水污泥中苯系物降解优势混合菌群筛选驯化

前期实验中,纯菌种挂膜生物滴滤反应器去除甲苯长期运行过程中,电镜扫描照片可以看出填料表面及断面除原始挂膜菌种外,同时存在丝状菌、芽孢杆菌等。通过取焦化厂废水处理活性污泥作为菌源,按常规方法对细菌进行筛选、分离;以甲苯浓度为控制指标,研究优势混合菌群对苯系物的联合降解效果。     

Study of Physically Transient Insulating Materials as a Potential Platform for Transient Electronics and Bioelectronics

Controlled degradation and transiency of materials is of significant importance in the design and fabrication of degradable and transient biomedical and electronic devices and platforms. Here, the synthesis of programmable biodegradable and transient insulating polymer films is reported, which have sufficient physical and chemical properties to be used as substrates for the construction of transient electronics. The composite structure can be used as a means to control the dissolution and transiency rate of the polymer composite film. Experimental and computational studies demonstrate that the addition of gelatin or sucrose to a PVA polymer matrix can be used as a means to program and either slow or enhance the transiency of the composite. The dissolution of the polymer composites are fitted with inverse exponential functions of different time constants; the lower time constants are an indication of faster transiency of the polymer composite. The addition of gelatin results in larger time constants, whereas the addition of sucrose generally results in smaller time constants.     

Intracellularly Degradable Hydrogen‐Bonded Polymer Capsules

The assembly of low‐fouling polymer capsules with redox‐responsive behavior and intracellular degradability is reported. Thiol‐containing poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOxMA_SH) brushes are synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of oligo(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and subsequent ring‐opening reaction of the GMA. Sequential deposition of PEtOxMA_SH/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) multilayers onto silica (SiO₂) particle templates and crosslinking through disulfide formation yield stable capsules after the removal of the SiO₂ templates by buffered hydrofluoric acid (HF). The redox‐responsive nature of the disulfide crosslinking groups enables the degradation of these capsules under simulated intracellular conditions at pH 5.9 and 5 mm glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, capsule degradation is observed after incubation with dendritic (JAWS II) cells. Even at high capsule‐to‐cell ratios, PEtOxMA_SH capsules show only negligible cytotoxicity. Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) studies, using 100% human serum, reveal that films prepared from PEtOxMA_SH exhibit low‐fouling properties. The degradation and low‐fouling properties are promising for application of PEtOxMA_SH films/capsules for the delivery and triggered release of therapeutics.     

SrFe0.6Co0.4O3催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

具有复杂分子结构的三苯甲烷类染料孔雀石绿是一种典型的较难降解染料,是工业废水处理的难点之一。本文根据Goldschmidt半径容差规则法,设计了用于孔雀石绿降解的ABO₃型SrFe_(1-x)Co_xO₃催化剂,并选择出活性较高的SrFe_0.6Co_0.4O₃催化剂。通过XRD、SEM、BET吸附及XPS分析表明:该催化剂是纯净钙钛矿结构,颗粒形貌为无规则堆叠的“蜂窝”片状;吸附等温线没有明显的回滞环,说明没有“墨水瓶”类孔结构;XPS谱中,B位离子同时存在Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺和Co²⁺/Co³⁺ 4种价态离子,且反应前后,4种离子的分布比例有较大变化。根据实验结果,推测该催化反应机理为:催化剂B位Co³⁺与溶解氧形成活性氧[O₂]⁺和Co²⁺;活性氧[O₂]⁺完成氧化反应后其正电荷转移到B位Fe²⁺上形成Fe³⁺,Fe³⁺的正电荷可再转移到Co²⁺形成Co³⁺,完成催化过程的电荷转移与循环。     

可见光激发Bi2MoO6活化PMS降解盐酸四环素

为了利用半导体光催化和硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术协同作用处理抗生素废水,采用溶剂热法制备三维结构的钼酸铋(Bi₂MoO₆)微球,并在可见光照射下激发Bi₂MoO₆进而活化过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)处理含盐酸四环素(TC)废水。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等对样品形貌特征、晶格结构、光学性能进行表征。结果表明,Bi₂MoO₆纳米片组成的三维微球具有良好的吸附和可见光催化降解TC能力,活化PMS协同作用可以进一步提高系统降解TC的效率。通过静态实验,考察催化剂使用量、PMS初始浓度、环境共存阴离子(Cl^-、CO^2-₃、NO^-₃)和腐殖酸(HA)对可见光激发Bi₂MoO₆活化PMS降解TC性能的影响。自由基捕获实验表明,·OH、SO^-₄·、O^-₂·和h⁺等活性基团在可见光激发Bi₂MoO₆活化PMS催化降解TC过程中都做出了贡献。     

固定化微生物在水环境治理中的应用

针对城市水污染问题,采用固定化微生物技术提升水体污染物的降解率,有效净化城区黑臭水质。通过筛选水中土著微生物,从14株优势菌落中选择B2号微生物菌株为微生物聚落,采用绿沸石固定载体基质,通过吸附固定化工艺进行微生物固化。选择含氧量（COD）、磷酸盐含量（TP）和氨氮含量（NH₃-N）为净化指标评级对象,分析不同固定化微生物添加量、降解温度、降解时间等因素对固定化微生物去污影响,确定微生物降解率最高的生长环境为添加量5%、25 ℃,降解周期为24 h为最适宜降解环境。最适宜温度下的COD、TP和NH₃-N的降解效率分别为49.5%、70.0%、71.1%,相较于单独添加固化载体基质组以及添加游离态微生物组,对各项污染物降解率有了大幅度提升,能较好适用于城市黑水净化工程。     

H2O2预处理联合生物厌氧降解对烟煤孔隙的影响

为研究H₂O₂预处理联合生物降解对煤孔隙的影响,利用浓度为0.05%H₂O₂对烟煤进行预处理,采用煤层气产出水富集获得的高效菌群进行厌氧降解煤产甲烷实验,通过气相色谱仪检测甲烷含量,通过低温液氮吸附对煤孔隙发育变化进行表征。结果表明:利用H₂O₂预处理烟煤显著提高了生物甲烷产量;预处理对煤孔隙类型没有显著影响,但残煤的吸附量减少,有利于原位煤层气的抽采;经预处理后,煤样的微孔和中孔孔容增加,而过渡孔孔容降低。经生物降解后,残煤的总孔容和比表面积均显著降低,可能是微生物代谢产生的可溶有机质滞留积累在煤中,从而堵塞了煤孔隙所导致。     

预应力混凝土梁自振频率的疲劳演变

为了研究预应力混凝土（PC）梁自振频率的疲劳演变规律,理论推导了抛物线型布筋的后张无黏结预应力梁疲劳历程自振频率的计算公式. 针对Euler梁、Timoshenko梁和预应力梁等3类梁,分析剪转效应、预应力效应对梁自振频率的疲劳演变规律的影响. 通过对预应力混凝土模型T梁的疲劳试验和动力测试,对比分析3类梁理论频率计算公式的适用性. 研究结果表明,抛物线型布筋的预应力不影响整个疲劳历程中梁的偶数阶频率. 梁的第1阶频率退化速率随着疲劳荷载幅值的增大而增大,随着预应力的增大而减小. 在实际工程应用中,对于偏心布筋无黏结预应力梁结构,须考虑预应力对基频的增强效应.