工程招投标中的违法现象及对策

在分析工程招投标中的违法现象及产生原因的基础上，提出相应对策和减少违法投标的措施。     

A new ‘Tailor-made’ methodology for the mechanical behaviour analysis of rubber-like materials: II. Application to the hyperelastic behaviour characterization of a carbon-black filled natural rubber vulcanizate

The purpose of this paper is the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of an elastomeric material, through detailed experimental and numerical procedures, specific to large strains. The experimental technique is based on in-plane kinematics measurements using a speckle extensometer, from which the whole two-dimensional field of in-plane displacements is obtained by a digital image processing [Polymer (2002)]. This part of the work concerns the identification of the constitutive equation for a carbon black natural rubber (NR) vulcanizate. We start by quoting some theoretical considerations relative to rubber elasticity and stress-softening effect, which is the counterpart of the filler reinforcement. Then, we describe the experimental procedure and present data for both non-preconditioned and preconditioned samples. Next, the identification of the constitutive law parameters using a minimization algorithm is driven. Finally, we present the validation of the constitutive model, by its implementation into the finite element code SYSTUS and the numerical simulation of the response of a double edge notched tensile (DENT) specimen.     

A simple correlation for gas bubbles rising in power‐law fluids

Recently, the author (Rodrigue, 2001 a, b) proposed a generalized correlation for the steady rise of gas bubbles in uncontaminated viscous Newtonian fluids of infinite extent. It is the purpose of this note to show that this model can be modified for inelastic non‐Newtonian power‐law fluids. Using data taken from six different studies, it is shown that the modified model can predict quite nicely the bubble velocity for these non‐Newtonian inelastic fluids.     

SIMILARITY LAW OF FLUCTUATING PRESSURE WITHIN HYDRAULIC JUMP AREA

Through a series of model tests of five scales for 2-D free hydraulic jump, the da-ta of fluctuating pressure acting on the floor level within the hydraulic jump were obtained. Dur-ing the experiments, Froude number varied from 2.94 to 8.61, and Reynolds number rangedfrom 2×10~4 to 6×10~5. Experiment results indicate that the amplitude scale of fluctuating pres-sure is the length scale of model, i. e. P'=L, which agrees with gravity similarity law: Thefrequency scale of the fluctuating pressure is a unity i. e., f=1, which does not satisfy thegravity similarity law.     

Equilibrium solubility of CO2 in rubbery EVA over a wide pressure range: effects of carbonyl group content and crystallinity

The equilibrium CO₂ sorption isotherms and isobars for rubbery EVA containing various amounts of vinyl acetate (VA) over a wide pressure range 10-340 atm and 25-52 °C were investigated. The normalized CO₂ sorption concentration (in cm³ (STP) CO₂/mole VA) isotherms of these polymers as a function of pressure consisted of two distinct regions turning at near P_c. The normalized sorption isotherms in these two distinct regions could be fairly described by two respective power laws: C=K_aP^n_a for above P_c and C=k_bP^n_b for below P_c. The normalized CO₂ sorption isotherms were found to be about the same for four EVA samples having different VA contents for below P_c, suggesting that the sorption process at below P_c may be mainly driven by the presence of carbonyl groups. At above P_c, the degree of crystallinity of the polymer appeared to be a major factor to affect the sorption process, with the higher the degree of crystallinity, the lower the normalized CO₂ sorption concentration in the polymer. The sorption isobars of the polymer as a function of temperature were governed by the interplay of density, viscosity, and diffusivity of CO₂ depending on the pressure studied.     

Diffusion Coefficient of a Binary Liquid System

A generalized diffusion coefficient correlation for a binary system of liquids has been developed to represent the data for a wide range of temperatures. Detailed analysis shows that the proposed correlation fits the experimental measurements of diffusivity with the corresponding calculated values with an acceptable percentage error.     

疏松砂岩油藏膨胀筛管裸眼防砂技术

胜利海上新区产能建设区块今后面临的油藏大多是原油粘度高、油层薄的低品位油藏,为提高海上油井单井产能,提高低品位油藏开发效果,开展了提高油井产能防砂工艺研究。膨胀筛管裸眼防砂是在同一井眼机械防砂后油井内径和泄流面积最大的防砂工艺,能够大幅度提高油井产能。埕岛油田开展了疏松砂岩油藏膨胀筛管裸眼防砂技术先导试验,比邻井平均产能提高131%,含水仅为邻井的40%,为提高海上低品位油藏开发效益,加快海上采油速度做了成功的实践。     

Non-Steady Equilibrium during Pro-Eutectoid Ferrite Formation in Fe-0.2C Alloy

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General rate equations and their applications for cyclic reaction networks: multi-cycle systems

The network reduction technique and the Bodenstein approximation of quasi-stationary behavior of reaction intermediates were systematically applied to derive general yield ratio and rate equations for multi-cycle reaction networks in homogeneous catalysis. Dual-cycle reaction networks connected by a linear pathway, multi-cycle networks stemming from the same intermediate, and single-cycle with arbitrary number of pathways between two intermediates were considered. The general yield ratio and rate equations derived in this study are applicable for most enzymatic reactions and for homogeneous catalytic reactions. Examples of homogeneous catalysis were used to illustrate the application of the general yield ratio and rate equations for network elucidation.     

A new method of characterization for stratified thermal energy stores

A new method for characterization of stratified thermal energy stores (TES) that integrates both the first law and the second law concerns is presented here. The first law concern is incorporated into a quantity called energy response factor and the second law concern into an entropy generation ratio. A product of these two quantities is at the heart of the TES efficiency definitions. This approach removes the overemphasis of the existing methods either on the first or the second law of thermodynamics which often biases the characterization results. The information about the evolution of the temperature field of the system in time is the prerequisite of the new method. It may be obtained from experiments or from suitable numerical simulations. The current method can be easily integrated into computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations and thus facilitate CFD-based design analysis. As an example of such CFD-integrated analysis, a large-scale hot water seasonal heat store is numerically studied to identify the effects of aspect ratio, containment shape, internal structures, and containment size on their efficiency. The results suggest the effectiveness of the new method in deriving useful design insights.