Kinetics of nickel leaching from roasting-dissolving residue of spent catalyst with sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid leaching process was applied to extract nickel from roasting-dissolving residue of a spent catalyst, the effect of different parameters on nickel extraction was investigated by leaching experiments, and the leaching kinetics of nickel was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the effects of particle size and sulfuric acid concentration on the nickel extraction are remarkable; the effect of reaction temperature is mild; while the effect of stirring speed in the range of 400–1 200 r/min is negligible. Decreasing particle size or increasing sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature, the nickel extraction efficiency is improved. 93.5% of nickel in residue is extracted under suitable leaching conditions, including particle size (0.074–0.100) mm, sulfuric acid concentration 30% (mass fraction), temperature 80 °C, reaction time 180 min, mass ratio of liquid to solid 10 and stirring speed 800 r/min. The leaching kinetics analyses shows that the reaction rate of leaching process is controlled by diffusion through the product layer, and the calculated activation energy of 15.8 kJ/mol is characteristic for a diffusion controlled process. Foundation item: Project (50574101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2003UDBEA00C020) supported by the Collaborative Project of School and Province of Yunnan Province, China     

高砷铜精矿浸出液制备砷酸铜及热力学研究

高砷铜精矿浸出液中因含砷较高存在砷害问题,砷回收利用具有重要的意义。研究针对某高砷硫化铜精矿除杂后的浸出液,探讨了以砷酸铜形式综合利用砷的热力学及工艺参数。绘制了Cu-As-H2O系电位-pH图,进行了砷酸铜制备工艺过程的热力学分析,对净化后的某高砷硫化铜精矿浸出液,以氨水为中和剂,当pH=5.0~8.0,温度80~90℃时,制得了CuAs2O4、C4H6As6Cu4O16、Cu5As2O10.5H2O、Cu5As4O15.9H2O、Cu2AsO4OH.3H2O及Cu2AsO4OH 6种不同结构的砷酸铜,沉砷后溶液中砷含量为9.11~35.82 mg/L。     

新疆石煤料团流化床焙烧提钒试验研究

在一台小型流化床燃烧试验台上对新疆石煤料团进行了焙烧特性的试验,着重考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、流化风速、添加剂种类对焙烧成球率的影响,并对飞灰、底渣、床料进行收集采样,利用水浸、质量分数为2%的Na2CO3溶液、6%的H2SO4溶液、10%的H2SO4溶液对各种样品浸取提钒,研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取方式对转浸率的影响.结果表明:采用水泥为添加剂,温度为930℃,焙烧时间为90min,采用质量分数为10%的H2SO4溶液酸浸,可得较高焙烧成球率和转浸率,钒总回收率约为55.1%,同时可有效回收石煤热能,用于产汽发电.     

NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4体系浸析PCB污泥中铜的研究

利用NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系,对印刷电路板(printed circuit boards,PCB)生产过程中产生大量的含铜污泥中的铜进行浸析。对PCB污泥中重金属的质量分数进行了测定,其中铜在污泥中的质量分数为33.500%,其余金属质量分数较小。重点探讨了氨-硫酸铵浓度及pH、浸析时间、液固比、温度等条件对浸析率的影响。NH3-(NH4)2SO4体系对PCB污泥中铜浸析的最优条件为氨、硫酸铵浓度分别为3.0mol/L和1.5mol/L,液固比为20mL/g,浸析时间为180min,浸析温度为25℃。在最优条件下进行了浸析应用试验,结果表明铜的浸析率可达到97.5%,此方法的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.63%。     

石墨烯/ Pd复合材料的制备及其形成机制研究

采用氯化双乙二胺钯Pd(en)2Cl2为钯的前驱体、氧化石墨为炭的前驱体,先将Pd(en)22+插入氧化石墨层中,再用NaBH4化学还原插层的氧化石墨,从而制备出石墨烯/Pd复合材料。并用X衍射(XRD)、场扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和N2吸附表征复合材料的结构,且在此基础上推导出石墨烯/Pd复合材料的形成机制。     

碱浸条件下杂质离子对锌电积的影响

针对贫杂铅锌矿碱浸工艺,系统地分析电解过程杂质离子CO3^2-、SO4^2-、SiO3^2-、F^-、CL^-、S2^-对电解金属锌粉的影响．实验结果表明：CO3^2-、SO4^2-、SiO3^2-、F^-离。子对电解金属锌粉没有明显影响,Cl^-离子浓度宜控制在20g／L以下基本上满足GB／T6890—2000国家标准的锌粉三级标准,S^2-离子对电解金属锌粉影响比较显著,即使在S^2-微量的条件下金属锌粉的品质下降了近5％．     

Infrared study of nitrogen monoxide adsorption on palladium ion-exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts

The adsorption of NO at room temperature on a H-ZSM-5 catalyst exchanged with Pd(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ complex and activated in oxygen at 773 K has been examined by FTIR spectroscopy. After the oxidizing treatment, the Pd tetrammine complex decomposed into Pd(II) ions and/or Pd(II) hydroxyl complexes dispersed in the zeolite channels. The subsequent adsorption of NO at room temperature led to the reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(I) entities, resulting in the formation and adsorption of NO₂ on H-ZSM-5. The Pd(I) entities were shown to adsorb NO and form mononitrosyl complexes dispersed in the zeolite porosity and characterized by a single infrared absorption band at 1881 cm^–1. The Pd(I) mononitrosyl complex was shown to reversibly coordinate water and NO₂ molecules. The resulting nitrosyl complex was characterized by a single NO vibration band at 1836 cm^–1.     

水性氯化物介质中对甲基苯烷基硫醚萃取钯的研究

p-Methylphenylalkylsulfide of various alkyl chain length as extractant were synthesized and the extraction of palladium was examined in terms of equilibrium and kinetics. Distribution ratio of Pd was independent of alkyl chain length. For aqueous chloride media, there was a significant difference in distribution ratios for the solution of NaC1 and HC1. The results of loading test and the slope analysis suggest that the extractant and Pd (Ⅱ) form 2:1 complex. Furthermore, the extraction rate based on the volume of aqueous phase was obtained in a stirred vessel, and the rate equation was presented. Unfortunately, it was difficult to construct surfactant liquid membrane system by use of the present extractant.     

淮南煤矸石酸浸脱杂的研究

本文探索了一种煤矸石脱杂的新方法，考察了煤矸石粒度、焙烧温度、浸出温度、浸出剂浓度和浸出时间等条件对脱杂效果的影响。结果表明，低温焙烧盐酸浸出能有效地提高煤矸石中杂质的活性并加以脱除。     

Efficient Reduction of NO x by H2 Under Oxygen-Rich Conditions over Pd/TiO2 Catalysts: An in situ DRIFTS Study

The H₂/NO/O₂ reaction under lean-burn conditions has been studied by means of in situ DRIFTS, reactor measurements and temperature-programmed desorption with the aim of understanding the very different behavior of Pd/TiO₂ and Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The former deliver very high NO _x conversions (70-80%) with good N₂ selectivity whereas the latter show very low activity. In addition, PdTiO₂ exhibits two distinct NO _x reduction pathways, thus greatly extending the useful temperature range. It is shown that the PdTiO₂ low-temperature channel involves adsorption and subsequent dissociation of NO on reduced (Pd⁰) metal sites. The low activity of PdAl₂O₃ is a consequence of palladium remaining in an oxidized state under reaction conditions. The high-temperature NO reduction channel found with PdTiO₂ is associated with the generation and subsequent reaction of NH _x species.