基于刀具位姿的多轴数控机床运动链构建

现有数控机床(CNC)运动链构建方法多只适用于二、三轴等简单数控机床,且缺乏高效的理论分析基础和工具,针对此问题,文中选用几何分析方法,通过分析刀具在工件表面上的运动轨迹,并结合刀轴矢量规划方法,有效地解析了刀具的位姿关系;通过齐次坐标变换,有效地将数控机床运动链在工件和刀具之间的运动传递功能函数化;构建并求解刀具位姿矩阵方程组,获得一种适用于含有复杂曲面且多轴的数控机床运动链的构建方法。     

Probabilistic transition of condition: render facades

The service life of cement-rendered facades is closely related to the environmental conditions to which they are exposed. The probability distribution is determined for the degradation condition of render facades considering different environmental exposures. A sample of 100 render facades was subjected to meticulous fieldwork to determine their condition. The analysis focuses on the environmental factors that most influence the overall degradation of the facades, evaluated through the condition level. Probabilistic models based on Markov chains are developed to predict the evolution of facade deterioration according to exposure to outdoor environmental conditions. The proposed model provides data on the synergy between the degradation agents and the degradation condition of render facades, the average time of permanence in each degradation level, and indications of the effect of degradation on the durability of render that may be applied in the implementation and fine-tuning of maintenance procedures. A better understanding of the durability of render facades allows a more rational management of their maintenance, contributing to a reduction of their life cycle costs. The proposed stochastic model provides information that can be applied in the context of insurance policies, allowing an evaluation of the risk of failure of coatings.     

Synthesis,characterization and side chains crystallization of comb-like poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-alkylstyrene)s

A series of comb like poly(p-n-alkylstyrene)s with linear alkyl groups, containing even numbers of carbon atoms from 12 up to 22 were synthesized by radical polymerization and characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, TGA, TVA DSC, and WAXS. All polymers were obtained in good yields and were soluble in organic solvents as chloroform, dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran and insoluble in methanol; they are stable up to temperatures near 300 °C. On the other hand, the alkylic side chains of all series are able to crystallize in a paraffinic phase in which the melting temperature and enthalpy increase with the methylene number of the n-alkyl chain.     

Collective dynamics modeling of polydisperse particulate systems via Markov chains

This paper develops an efficient approach to modeling and analyzing the overall dynamics of polydisperse particulate systems, exemplified using a rotating drum with horizontal axis, under both constant and time-varying operating conditions. This approach captures the collective dynamics using stochastic models in the form of Markov chains. The characteristics of such dynamics can be obtained from the Markov chains operator. It provides a systematic way to the analysis of collective dynamical features of particle movements. The obtained operators are used to estimate the spatial particle distribution and the degree of particulate mixing as examples of collective dynamic features of polydisperse particulate systems. In this paper, Markov chains models were developed from discrete element method simulation results to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Optimization of management strategies applied to the national reinforced concrete bridge stock in France

The increasing age of national highway bridge stocks demands novel management policies that can maintain or increase safety levels in the light of reducing and budgets from the government. The French Highways Agency uses its Image Qualité Ouvrages d'Art – Structural Quality Imaging (IQOA) inspection programme to determine the conditions of its bridges. The present paper principally describes the development of a model to predict different trends in bridge condition rating in the light of different management strategies. Whilst the approach described is intended to be a general method for managing bridges, it will be demonstrated by particular reference to the stock of reinforced concrete bridges managed by the French Highways Agency. The prediction model utilises Markov chains, which were chosen because they allow a non-parametric discrete model to be built, to evaluate the varying condition of the whole bridge stock over time. The development of the model is described in detail, together with how the hypotheses for applying the Markov chains were validated to accurately predict the transition matrices between different IQOA states. The paper then goes on to describe how the model is used to differentiate between different management strategies, and to predict how future costs can be optimised to give the most efficient management actions across the whole bridge stock under different constraints.     

An intelligent adaptive system for the optimal variable selections of R&D and quality supply chains

The cost of research & development (R&D) and quality management are always regarded as two major parts of total cost. The variable performance of R&D and quality design is an important index that will reflect the effectiveness of the cost reduction. This research has attempted to simultaneously vary all of the variables to achieve the global optimum for the optimal variable selections of R&D and quality design. Genetic algorithm (GA) can treat all of the variables for the global search. In this study, fuzzy refinement with orthogonal arrays was effective in improving the performance of the GA, and also showed the benefits of a good chromosome structure on the behavior of GA. It is also proposed the postponement design with temporal concept, to select the effective variables for the cost reduction of R&D and quality management design. The experimental results showed that tempo-postponement design will increase the flexibility and quick response for supply chain management. Hence, this approach can act as a useful guideline for researchers working on the optimization of the key variable selections for R&D and quality model design.     

A dynamics formulation of general constrained robots

The complexity of a standard compact-in-form Lagrangian dynamical expression is proportional to the fourth power of the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) of a robotic system. This fact challenges both simulation and control of robots with hyper degrees of freedom. In this paper, a systematic approach for deriving the dynamical expression of so-called general constrained robots is proposed. This proposed approach has two main features. First, it uses the subsystem dynamics such as the dynamics of joints and rigid links to construct the dynamical expression of the entire robotic system in a closed form. The complexity of the resulted dynamic expression is linearly proportional to the number of DOF of a robotic system. Second, it extends the standard dynamical form and properties of the conventional single-arm constrained robots to a class of more general robotic systems including the coordinated multiple-arm robotic systems. Three spaces, namely the general joint space, the general task space, and the extended subsystems space, are connected through corresponding velocity/force mapping matrices.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Tornado API分析及第三方工具链集成技术

分析了Tornado集成开发环境及GCC编译器.重点讨论了Tornado应用程序接口.对Tornado的定制与扩展及第三方工具链的集成技术进行了较深入的探讨.修改GCC-3.3.2部分源码后,采用新的集成策略,把它成功地集成到了Tornado开发环境中.     

中外现代物流发展的历程与比较

文章介绍了物流的起源和概念;着重叙述了中外现代物流发展所经历的不同阶段;并对中外物流发展的不同阶段作了路径比较和原因分析.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">M/G</Emphasis>/1 System with Adjustment at the Beginning of Its Busy Period

M/G/1 queuing system is considered in which the first incoming request initializes system adjustment. After adjustment, the system services the first and then the next incoming requests. Ergodic probabilities are computed based on the theory of regenerative processes and on the busy period and time of staying in different states. Recurrence is analyzed which corresponds to the mathematical expectation of the time of staying in different states.The study was sponsored by the Hungarian National Fund for Scientific research (Grants OTKA T034110 and T034280/2000) and by the Fund of the Research Group on Number Theory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.__________Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 1, pp. 117–123, January–February 2005.