Direct coagulation casting of silicon carbide suspension via polyelectrolyte dispersant crosslink reaction

A direct coagulation casting method for silicon carbide ceramic suspension using dispersant crosslink reaction is reported. Polymer electrolyte (polyethyleneimine, PEI) was used as dispersant to prepare silicon carbide suspension. Common food additives (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) were used to coagulate the electrosteric stabilized silicon carbide suspension. There was a well disperse silicon carbide suspension with 0.2 wt% PEI at pH = 5-6. Influence of coagulant on viscosity and zeta potential of the silicon carbide suspension was investigated. It indicates that the high solid loading silicon carbide suspension can be destabilized and coagulated at elevated temperature. It can be attribute to the gradual decrease of electrosteric force due to the crosslink reaction between PEI and CMC. Silicon carbide wet green body with compressive strength of 1.99 MPa could be demolded at 70°C which is higher than that prepared by traditional DCC and dispersant reaction method for nonoxide ceramics. Dense silicon carbide ceramics with relative density above 98.8% and 99.3% had been prepared by liquid phase pressureless and hot pressed sintering, respectively.     

聚乙烯亚胺氨基化磁性氧化石墨烯的制备及其对活性艳红X-3B的吸附

使用改性hummers法制备出氧化石墨烯(GO),通过水热法在GO上生长磁性CoFe₂O₄,再使用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)进行氨基改性,制备出聚乙烯亚胺氨基化磁性氧化石墨烯(PEI-MGO)。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PEI-MGO的结构和微观形貌进行表征。结果表明:纳米级尖晶石相CoFe₂O₄均匀分散于GO上,且氨基改性成功。探讨了PEI-MGO对水体中活性艳红X-3B的吸附性能。结果表明:在活性艳红X-3B初始质量浓度为150mg/L、体积为100mL、吸附剂质量为0.04g、pH值为1、吸附时间为60min时达到平衡,平衡吸附量为361.15mg/g。PEI-MGO对活性艳红X-3B的饱和吸附量为470.58mg/g。磁分离和磁回收研究表明,PEI-MGO能快速从水体中分离,回收率为98.6%。     

聚乙烯亚胺氨基化改性聚偏氟乙烯接枝丙烯酸纤维膜对活性艳红X-3B的吸附研究

以丙烯酸(AA)为接枝单体,通过溶液聚合法在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)上接枝AA,制备出PVDF-g-PAA共聚物,再使用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对PVDF-g-PAA进行氨基化改性,制备出PEI氨基化PVDF-g-PAA共聚物(PEI-PVDF-g-PAA),再通过静电纺丝法制备出PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜。使用扫描电子显微镜对PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜的微观结构进行表征,结果显示纤维膜中纤维的直径为30~50nm,表面有丰富的微孔。以PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜为吸附材料对模拟活性艳红X-3B染料废水进行吸附,并研究其吸附动力学、吸附等温模型和吸附热力学,结果表明:PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜的吸附效果远远大于纯PVDF纤维膜和PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜。在活性艳红X-3B溶液的初始质量浓度为150mg/L、pH=1、吸附材料用量为0.015g时,吸附70min后达到平衡,平衡吸附量为494.95mg/g,PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜对活性艳红X-3B的吸附过程满足拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,说明PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜对活性艳红X-3B的吸附是以化学吸附为主的单分子层吸附,理论平衡吸附量和理论饱和吸附量分别为526.32mg/g和500.00mg/g。吸附热力学研究表明,PEI-PVDF-g-PAA纤维膜对活性艳红X-3B的吸附是自发进行的吸热反应,该吸附过程固-液界面的熵值会增加。     

碳纳米管改性方法对聚酰胺11性能影响研究

采用酸处理和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)表面修饰两种方法对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性,将改性碳纳米管与聚酰胺11(PA11)熔融共混,制备了聚酰胺11/酸刻蚀碳纳米管(PA11/a-MWCNTs)和聚酰胺11/聚乙烯亚胺接枝碳纳米管(PA11/PEI-MWCNTs)复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪...     

Hybrid polymer-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for in vitro gene delivery

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) consist of carbon atoms arranged in sheets of graphene rolled up into cylindrical shapes. This class of nanomaterials has attracted attention because of their extraordinary properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity. In addition, development in CNT functionalization chemistry has led to an enhanced dispersibility in aqueous physiological media which indeed broadens the spectrum for their potential biological applications including gene delivery. The aim of this study is to determine the capability of different cationic polymer-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) (polymer-g-MWNTs) to efficiently complex and transfer plasmid DNA (pCMV-βGal) in vitro without promoting cytotoxicity. Carboxylated MWNT is chemically conjugated to the cationic polymers polyethylenimine (PEI), polyallylamine (PAA), or a mixture of the two polymers. In order to explore the potential of these polymer-g-MWNTs as gene delivery systems, we first study their capacity to complex plasmid DNA (pDNA) using agarose gel electrophoresis. Gel migration studies confirm pDNA binding to polymer-g-MWNT with different affinities, highest for PEI-g-MWNT and PEI/PAA-g-CNT constructs. β-galactosidase expression is assessed in human lung epithelial (A549) cells, and the cytotoxicity is determined by modified LDH assay after 24 h incubation period. Additionally, PEI-g-MWNT and/or PEI/PAA-g-MWNT reveal an improvement in gene expression when compared to the naked pDNA or to the equivalent amounts of PEI polymer alone. Mechanistically, pDNA was delivered by the polymer-g-MWNT constructs via a different pathway compared to those used by polyplexes. In conclusion, polymer-g-MWNTs may be considered in the future as a versatile tool for efficient gene transfer in cancer cells in vitro, provided their toxicological profile is established.     

纳米CeO2颗粒的表面改性及其抛光性能研究

为改善CeO2粉体的化学机械抛光(CMP)性能,采用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为分散剂,对CeO2粉体表面进行改性,通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜显微镜(TEM)、Zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪及稳定性测试等方法分析了表面改性对CeO2颗粒表面性质及其抛光液分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:纳米CeO2粉末经PEI改性后改变了其在水中的胶体性质,Zeta电位绝对值提高,CeO2颗粒间的空间位阻增加,抛光液的分散稳定性得到了明显改善.改性后纳米CeO2抛光液对手机面板玻璃的化学机械抛光(CMP)的抛光效率(MRR)由改性前的330 nm/min增加到381.6nm/min,具有更好的抛光效果.     

An approach to textile dye removal using sawdust from Aspidosperma polyneuron

The textile industry is responsible for discarding wastewater contaminated with dyes. The timber industry generates waste in the form of sawdust. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adsorptive potential of sawdust obtained from the Aspidosperma polyneuron tree for the removal of the textile dye from wastewater. Sawdust was subjected to different pre-treatments (acid, alkaline and polyethyleneimine) in order to increase its adsorption capacity. Based on the results from the isotherms, treatment with polyethyleneimine (PEI) led to the greatest adsorption capacity and fits the Freundlich model, indicating cooperative adsorption. Other treatments with sawdust best fit the Langmuir model, but the untreated sawdust presented better results than the treated sawdust. These results were only surpassed by sawdust treated with PEI. A. polyneuron revealed good potential for use as an adsorbent to remove dyes, which is a novel result, since to date there is no study on its use as a sorbent material.     

亚氨乙酸型螯合吸附材料IAA-PEI/SiO2对重金属离子的螯合吸附行为

将聚胺大分子聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝于微米级硅胶微粒表面,制得接枝微粒PEI/SiO2,然后使氯乙酸与PEI大分子中的伯、仲胺基发生亲核取代反应,形成亚氨乙酸(IAA)型螯合吸附材料IAA-PEI/SiO2. 研究了IAA-PEI/SiO2对重金属离子的螯合吸附行为和吸附机理. 结果表明,由于亚氨乙酸基团与重金属离子之间的静电作用与配位螯合作用,IAA-PEI/SiO2对重金属离子可产生强的螯合吸附作用,对Ni2+的吸附容量可达1.4 mmol/g;吸附过程为放热过程;在可抑制重金属离子水解的pH范围内,pH值越高,吸附能力越强;IAA-PEI/SiO2对重金属离子的吸附容量顺序为Ni2+> Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+.     

An E3‐14.7K Peptide that Promotes Microtubules‐Mediated Transport of Plasmid DNA Increases Polyplexes Transfection Efficiency

Chemical vectors as cationic polymers and cationic lipids are promising alternatives to viral vectors for gene therapy. Beside endosome escape and nuclear import, plasmid DNA (pDNA) migration in the cytosol toward the nuclear envelope is also regarded as a limiting step for efficient DNA transfection with non‐viral vectors. Here, the interaction between E3‐14.7K and FIP‐1 to favor migration of pDNA along microtubules is exploited. E3‐14.7K is an early protein of human adenoviruses that interacts via FIP‐1 (Fourteen.7K Interacting Protein 1) protein with the light‐chain components of the human microtubule motor protein dynein (TCTEL1). This peptide is conjugated with pDNA and mediates interaction of pDNA in vitro with isolated microtubules as well as with microtubules in cellulo. Videomicroscopy and tracking treatment of images clearly demonstrate that P79‐98/pDNA conjugate exhibits a linear transport with large amplitude along microtubules upon 2 h transfection with polyplexes whereas control pDNA conjugate exhibits small non‐directional movements in the cytoplasm. Remarkably, P79‐98/peGFP polyplexes enhance by a factor 2.5 (up to 76%) the number of transfected cells. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the transfection efficiency of polyplexes can be drastically increased when the microtubules migration of pDNA is facilitated by a peptide allowing pDNA docking to TCTEL1. This is a real breakthrough in the non viral gene delivery field that opens hope to build artificial viruses.     

Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) on Separations by Cellulose Acetate/poly(ether imide) Blend Membranes

Ultrafiltration membranes are largely being applied for macromolecular and heavy metal ion separations from aqueous streams. In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) and polyetherimide (PEI) based ultrafiltration blend membranes prepared in the absence and presence of poly(ethylene glycol) 600 (PEG 600) in various compositions were subjected to the separation of macromolecular proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), egg albumin (EA), pepsin and trypsin. Toxic heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were subjected to separation by the blend membranes by complexing them with the polymeric ligand polyethyleneimine. The effects of polymer blend compositions and additive concentrations on the rejection and permeate flux of both proteins and metal ions are discussed. In general, it was found that CA/PEI blend membranes displayed higher permeate flux and lower rejection compared to pure cellulose acetate membranes at all additive concentrations. The extent of separation of proteins was found to be directly proportional to the molecular weight of the protein, while the extent of removal of metal ions depends on the affinity of metal ions to polyethyleneimine and the stability of the formed complexes.