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81.
Bronson D. Hausmann Emily M. Aaldenberg Minoru Tomozawa 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(7):3087-3096
Silica glass samples were given various heat treatments under stress at low temperatures and subsequently their residual stress distributions in terms of retardance were observed using a polarized light microscope, confirming previously reported fast surface stress relaxation while providing more detailed characterization. Retardance profiles of silica glass fibers heat-treated under a constant bending strain in the presence of atmospheric water vapor were measured and fit to a previously developed diffusion-based relaxation model. The retardance of a cross-section of a silica glass rod heat-treated at 650°C in lab air under applied torsional shear strain was also measured to confirm the presence of residual surface shear stress which was predicted by the decrease of torque with time for the rod. Together, these results confirm the low-temperature fast surface stress relaxation which occurs when water vapor is present for both bending and shear stresses. 相似文献
82.
Nima Alizadeh Asha-Dee N. Celestine Maria L. Auad Vinamra Agrawal 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2021,61(5):1299-1309
The stress relaxation behavior of acrylic–polyurethane (PU)-based graft-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was characterized via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and modeled using finite element method (FEM) analysis. Stress relaxation of glassy IPN specimens was experimentally studied under flexural testing, while rubbery IPN specimens were tested in tension. The effects of varying the styrene content in the acrylic copolymer phase, compatibility of the two phases in IPNs, and changing the concentration of acrylic copolymer and PU were studied. A higher percentage of styrene content resulted in higher homogeneity of IPN specimens, and decrease in initial modulus for acrylic copolymer specimens. Additionally, glassy IPN specimens with 90% styrene shows resistance to relaxation as high as acrylic copolymer samples. Experimental results were used to develop a numerical model to study stress relaxation response of specimens. While polymer systems have been studied computationally, numerical modeling of IPN systems is still in its infancy. A three-dimensional FEM model was developed using the Generalized Maxwell model and four-term Prony series constants, which were extracted from the stress relaxation experiments. With four terms in the Prony series, a good match was observed between experimental observations and results from the FEM model. 相似文献
83.
Kui Liu Minjie Wang Hongxia Li Danyang Zhao Yifei Jin 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2021,61(6):1864-1881
The swelling behavior in micro-extrusion has a significant effect on the dimensional and shape accuracy of microproducts. In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro-extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behavior of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro-extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behavior displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. Moreover, an increase in the flow rate results in a larger swell ratio for a constant characteristic scale. The elastic effect plays a more dominant role than the viscous effect in determining the viscoelastic swell behavior. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro-extrusion process. 相似文献
84.
发电机阀点效应导致的非凸非光滑特性增加了有功经济调度模型的复杂度,从而增大了求解难度.文中提出一种考虑发电机阀点效应影响的改进拉格朗日松弛有功调度算法.首先,提出一种二次多项式分段拟合算法,从而将发电机阀点效应成本分解为多个分段二次多项式形式;其次,将拟合后的表达式代入拉格朗日松弛子问题中,从而将原问题转化为分段二次规划问题,并采用比较对称轴及优化变量上下限的方法快速求解,避免了引入整数变量造成的求解效率偏低问题.同时,为防止多个局部最优解导致的优化过程不收敛问题,提出一种基于近端梯度法的增广求解策略,通过在目标函数中引入辅助变量及惩罚项来加强子问题的凸性,加快收敛速度.最后,基于40机和48机测试系统对所提方法的有效性进行了测试. 相似文献
85.
The superplastic deformation behavior of quasi-single phase Zn-0.3 wt. %Al was investigated. A series of load relaxation and
tensile tests was conducted at various temperatures ranging from RT (20 °C) to 200 °C. The recently proposed internal variable
theory of structural superplasticity was applied. The flow curves obtained from load relaxation tests were shown to consist
of contributions from interface sliding (IS) and accommodating plastic deformation. In the case of quasi-single phase Zn-0.3
wt.% Al alloy with an average agrain size of 1 μm, the IS behavior could be described as a viscous flow process characterized
by a power index of Mg=0.5. A large elongation of about 1400% was obtained at room temperature and the strain rate sensitivity parameter was about
0.4. Although relatively large-grained (10 μm) single phase alloy showed a high value of strain rate sensitivity comparable
to that of fine-grained alloy at very low strain rate range, IS was not expected from the analysis based on the internal variable
theory of structural superplasticity at room temperature. As the temperature increased above 100 °C, however, the contribution
from IS was observed at a very low strain rate range. A high elongation of ∼400% was obtained in a specimen of 10-μm-grain-size
at 200 °C under a strain rate of 2×10−4/sec.
Jointly appointed at Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials (CAAM) 相似文献
86.
Different metallurgical processing, including the standard heat treatment, heat treatment without β aging, addition of high
amount of Cr, and long-term isothermal exposure, was conducted on superalloy Inconel 783. For these processed materials, the
tensile property and hardness at room temperature and stress relaxation behavior at 650 °C were examined. The testing results
showed that isothermal exposure and heat treatment without β aging slightly enhanced the yield strength of alloy 783 at room
temperature as well as all metallurgical processing in this study produced an identical stress relaxation behavior at 650
°C. The microstructure variation with different processing was analyzed using optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 相似文献
87.
XIA Yuebo WANG Zhongguang Institute of Metal Research Academia Sinica Shenyang China Associate Professor Institute of Metal Research Academia Sinica Shenyang China 《金属学报(英文版)》1989,2(5):311-314
Studies of stress relaxation were carried out on commercially pure titanium.It was found thatthe stress relaxation behaviour relates closely to the level of deformation.The amount of re-laxed stress σ_R is independent of the amplitude of stress dip in a certain range ofdeformation.However,it depend on the stress level at which stress relaxation begins in a cer-tain relaxation time t_R.Both back(critical)stress σ_c and flow stress σ_o vary with the strainin a similar manner.The effective stress on dislocations σ~* increases with increasing strainunder low strains,but keeps constant under higher strains. 相似文献
88.
89.
采用切条应力释放法测量了钛合金TC4薄板常规钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)和动态控制低应力无变形GTAW对接试件中的纵向残余应力和纵向残余塑性应变的分布。测量结果表明,钛合金常规GTAW缝中残余拉应力峰值小于其母材屈服强度,焊缝附近存在残余压缩塑性应变;动态控制低应力无变形GTAW焊技术中热沉的冷却作用使得热源与热沉之间的高温金属承受强烈的拉伸作用,产生拉伸塑性变形,部分抵消了焊接过程中已产生的缩短的塑性变形,使得试件中纵向残余塑性应变减小,焊接残余拉应力峰值降低,残余压应力水平降低。切条应力释放法是一种简便有效的薄板焊后残余应力测量方法,能够满足工程应用的精度要求。 相似文献
90.
预退火时间对Pd40Cu30Ni10P20玻璃转变及晶化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用示差扫描量热(DSC)分析方法,测定了大块非晶合金Pd40Cu30Ni10P20经523 K((Tg-100 K)<7<Tg)不同时间(0~64 h)预退火后的玻璃转变温度7g、玻璃转变峰温度TM、起始晶化温度Tx、晶化峰的峰温Tp、晶化焓以及在玻璃转变过程中的比热容增量,并根据Kissinger公式计算了晶化的表观活化能.同时,测量了不同时间预退火后样品的显微硬度.结果表明:在玻璃转变温度以下的预退火处理使Pd40Cu30Ni10P20大块非晶合金的微观原子组态发生变化,从而影响了其随后的玻璃转变行为,但对晶化的影响不大.其显微硬度随预退火时间的延长而逐步增加后趋于稳定.并利用结构弛豫理论分析了预退火对玻璃转变、晶化和显微硬度的影响. 相似文献