Assessing terrestrial wildlife populations in the Toronto and Region Area of Concern

Beneficial use impairments (BUIs) under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement identify environmental issues requiring remedial action within the Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs). We conducted this study to support the assessment of the wildlife component of BUI 3: degradation of fish and wildlife populations. We compared bird and amphibian (frogs and toads) data from the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority’s Terrestrial Long-term Monitoring Program in the Toronto and Region AOC to an adjacent, but otherwise similar, reference watershed, Duffins Creek. Twelve of 13 targets were met within the AOC for forest bird, wetland bird, meadow bird and amphibian populations based on averages of mean annual values at sites within the AOC that were within two standard deviations of averages at sites in the Duffins Creek reference watershed between 2008 and 2017. Even though wildlife populations within the AOC were within the normal range of variability expected from a reference watershed, they were often at lower levels than within the Duffins Creek reference watershed. In addition, forest bird and amphibian populations were negatively affected by urbanization within the AOC and meadow bird indices declined. We conclude that while wildlife populations within the AOC currently meet targets for BUI 3, they continue to be negatively impacted by numerous stressors that are primarily related to past and ongoing urbanization. Thus, continued restoration of wildlife habitat and protection of existing habitat within the AOC is highly recommended.     

Towards improving an Area of Concern: Main-channel habitat rehabilitation priorities for the Maumee River

The Maumee River watershed in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin has been impacted by decades of pollution and habitat modification due to human settlement and development. As such, the lower 35 km of the Maumee River and several smaller adjacent watersheds comprising over 2000 km² were designated the Maumee Area of Concern (AOC) under the revised Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 1987. As part of pre-rehabilitation assessments in the Maumee AOC, we assessed fish and invertebrate communities in river km 24–11 of the Maumee River to identify: 1) areas that exhibit the highest biodiversity, 2) habitat characteristics associated with high biodiversity areas, 3) areas in need of protection from further degradation, and 4) areas that could feasibly be rehabilitated to increase biodiversity. Based on benthic trawl data, shallow water habitats surrounding large island complexes had the highest fish diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE). Electrofishing displayed similar fish diversity and CPUE patterns across habitat types early in the study but yielded no discernable fish diversity or CPUE patterns towards the end of our study. Although highly variable among study sites, macroinvertebrate density was greatest in shallow water habitats <2.5 m and around large island complexes. Our results provide valuable baseline data that could act as a foundation for developing rehabilitation strategies in the lower Maumee River and for assessing the effectiveness of future aquatic habitat rehabilitation projects. In addition to increasing in-channel habitat, watershed-scale improvements of water quality might be necessary to ensure rehabilitation strategies are successful.     

河流生态修复的国际经验及对长江大保护的启示

为推进长江大保护,针对长江流域河流生态修复的需求,梳理了美国杜瓦米什河、欧洲莱茵河和德国德莱萨姆河等河流生态修复的实践做法:重视立法和标准化建设,严格制度管理,健全工作机制,强化科技支撑,鼓励全民参与等;分析了长江大保护现状与面临的挑战:政策法规和行业标准不完善,顶层设计与整体谋划不足,工作机制和监管体系不完善,修复工作难点较多且科研能力薄弱,社会力量参与长江生态修复的主体意识不强;提出了长江流域开展河流生态修复工作的建议:健全法规、完善制度、强化机制、创新技术、立体宣传。     

Population effect of a large‐scale stream restoration effort on Chinook salmon in the Pahsimeroi River,Idaho

Stream habitat restoration is an important tool for fisheries management in impaired lotic systems. Although small‐scale benefits of stream habitat restoration are commonly investigated, it is difficult to demonstrate population effects. The Pahsimeroi River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha population was previously restricted to the lower portion of the river by multiple irrigation structures. To address fish passage issues, a combination of restoration projects was initiated including barrier removals, instream flow enhancements and installation of fish screens on diversions. The largest barrier was removed in 2009, more than doubling the amount of accessible linear habitat. We hypothesized restoration efforts would expand the distribution of spawning salmon in the Pahsimeroi River watershed, leading to a broader distribution of juveniles. We also hypothesized a broader juvenile distribution would have population effects by reducing the prevalence of density‐dependent growth and survival. Redds were documented in newly accessible habitat immediately following barrier removal and accounted for a median of 42% of all redds in the Pahsimeroi River watershed during 2009–2015. Snorkel surveys also documented juvenile rearing in newly accessible habitat. Juvenile productivity increased from a median of 64 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2002–2008 to 99 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2009–2014. Overall, results suggested increased habitat accessibility in the Pahsimeroi River broadened the distribution of spawning adult and rearing juvenile salmon and reduced the effects of density‐dependent survival. Large‐scale stream restoration efforts can have a population effect. Despite the large‐scale effort and response, habitat restoration alone is likely not sufficient to restore this population.     

基于东汶河城区段生态修复工程的湿地设计探讨

本文以东汶河城区段生态修复工程为例,结合城市河道治理对该地区的湿地水生态修复工程进行了设计,采用雨污分流、河底清淤,软质河底、地形泡、滚水堰以及河心岛的构建方法,达到了控制水位、控制流速、促进微生物和植物生长的目的,改善了湿地水质较差的问题,完善了湿地生物系统,丰富了食物链层级,解决了湿地生态系统的良性循环问题。可为类似生态修复工程提供参考。     

小型无人机对地跟踪系统图像清晰化及仿真

研究小型无人机机载摄像机图像退化的复原问题。为了提高盘旋工作状态下图像恢复效果,针对小型无人机盘旋工作状态与平飞作状态图像退化机理的差异,通过对图像模糊过程进行分析,根据小型无人机摄像特点,给出了小型无人机盘旋状态图像清晰化方案。即通过量化将同时存在不同像移量的图像分成几个区域,在各区域中像移量一致,再对各区域采用维纳滤波并行处理,最后合并成整体图像。仿真结果表明,清晰化方案在盘旋状态下,退化图像能取得较好的恢复效果,且抗噪性能较强。     

Remanufacturability and Assessment Method

WITH the development of surface engineering andlaws on environment protect,lots of companies have toconsider reclaim of the used products.In practice,theyrealized if the products adopt design forremanufacturing,the benefit of remanufacturing wouldbe increased obviously'1'.Some researcher haveentered into remanufacturability field and built relativeevaluating methods'2'.Based on researching resultabout design for remanufacturing,some concepts,remanufacturability system and assessment method ar…     

城市洪涝风险防控的生态修复途径

人类面临的水问题,体现为水的质、量和时机问题。流域自然水循环的扰乱和破坏,是城市造成城市内涝的根源。伴随城市化过程的绿色空间压缩、不透水面积增加、社会水循环影响增加等,最终都通过对自然水循环的扰动,产生同时存在的水资源短缺与洪涝及水源污染等问题。摈弃单纯凭借灰色基础设施的抵御、抗击思维,运用生态智慧,建设绿色基础设施,恢复和增加城市流域内的绿色空间,以实现水的分散积存、自然渗透、自然蒸发、自然净化、恢复水的自然循环过程为目的和方式的城市生态修复,是基于自然的城市洪涝问题解决方案。将生态智慧融入城市设计与规划,生态修复成为城市规划与建设的日常,是解决洪涝问题的长久之路。     

基于恢复价值动态评估的配电网恢复控制决策

配电网停电后,停电场景、恢复进程和应急情况下的负荷职能等均会影响负荷恢复供电的紧急程度,通常根据待恢复对象自身的恢复价值静态设置其重要等级或重要度,这制约了有限恢复资源的精细化管理.为此,考虑冷负荷启动特性与负荷间职能耦合关系对负荷单位恢复价值的影响,考虑间歇性电源出力的可控性对电源恢复价值的影响,结合母线恢复为周边其他待恢复对象带来的潜在恢复价值,同时计及系统供电缺额、恢复代价和恢复操作的不确定性,提出了综合恢复收益、代价和风险的负荷及电源母线恢复价值动态评估方法.以此为基础,建立了配电网供电恢复多进程优化模型及分区并行恢复决策方法.最后,通过仿真分析验证了所提策略能够有效提高恢复资源的利用率.     

基于遗传算法的图像恢复研究

通过对遗传算法和图像恢复理论的分析，提出了基于遗传算法的图像恢复方式。该方式具有优化、收敛性快等优点。