Geopolymerization reaction,microstructure and simulation of metakaolin-based geopolymers at extended Si/Al ratios

Metakaolin-based geopolymers were synthesized at Si/Al ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 by using silica fume as silica corrector to alter Si ratios. The microstructure and strength of these geopolymers were characterized through XRD, SEM, NMR and compressive strength measurements. The dissolving rates of Al and Si species in geopolymerization were measured, and freeze-dried N-A-S-H gel was characterized by FTIR spectra. Modelling and simulation were employed to calculate the binding energy of one Si atom and the total energy of geopolymers formed at various Si/Al ratios. At Si/Al ratio of 2:1, high concentrations of Si and Al species are dissolved from precursors, high contents of Si-O-T linkages are formed and the geopolymer is of high compressive strength. The mechanical strength of geopolymers at various Si/Al ratios is dependent on the formation of N-A-S-H gel, rather than the zeolitic nuclei or silicate derivatives. This study might provide fundamentals for the geopolymerization of mine tailings, which usually possess high Si/Al ratios.     

某铜钼尾矿回收长石的试验研究

福建某铜钼矿尾中K_2O质量分数为5.32%,Na_2O质量分数为2.49%,采用碱法工艺代替传统的酸法工艺进行处理回收长石,工艺流程为反浮选云母—反浮选石英—长石粗精矿磁选除铁。试验最终获得长石精矿中K_2O质量分数为7.48%、总回收率为39.89%,Na_2O质量分数为3.91%、总回收率为43.78%。该长石精矿符合玻璃及玻璃制品、陶瓷、磨料等原料标准。     

A Fifty Cent Rheometer for Waste Management of Environmentally Sensitive Ore Tailings

Abstract

Substantial progress has been made recently toward developing environmentally acceptable disposal strategies in the minerals industry. Typically disposal schemes incorporate a mechanical dewatering stage in which the material is concentrated before disposal. At higher concentrations many particulate suspensions will exhibit a yield stress which is of vital importance to the operation of the disposal scheme. The present paper illustrates how the slump test, previously used for determining the empirical flow properties of fresh concrete, has been adopted as a means for accurately measuring the yield stress. The slump test offers a quick and easy way of measuring yield stress without the need for sophisticated electronic equipment, thereby giving plant operators an effective tool for examining yield stress in the field. A simple theoretical model is briefly described and experimental results performed to validate the model.     

β‐D‐Glucosidase Assisted Gold Dissolution as Non‐Optical and Quantifiable Detection Technique for Immunoassays

Immunoassays are used for detecting protein targets for various applications. Here, a modification of immunoassays to allow a purely electrical detection of the target protein concentration is shown. The modification comprises a β‐D‐glucosidase as reporter enzyme and a cyanogenic glycoside as substrate. The enzymatic reaction produces cyanide in small quantities. For electrical detection of the cyanide, a novel sensor is developed, based on a gold micro wire. The cyanide dissolves the gold wire and changes the electrical resistance of the wire. Monitoring the resistance change allows a quantitative measurement of the target human C‐reactive protein (an inflammatory marker) in blood plasma in the physiological relevant concentration range.     

Microstructural,hydraulic conductivity and geochemical changes of drying mature fine oil sand tailings in column experiments

This study offers new insights into two-lift deposition of mature fine tailings under atmospheric drying. The interaction of newly added lift and former lift(s) was evaluated using column experiments in terms of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity (EC), hydraulic conductivity, geochemistry and microstructure. Water content and EC followed the same trend and decreasing of water content appears to be responsible for significant reduction in EC. Evaporation on top of the column reduced the water content to almost zero. The obtained results support the coupling between the hydraulic and chemical processes that should be considered by active operators.     

某含铅锌金矿石全泥氰化—尾渣浮选铅锌试验研究

某含铅锌金矿石中金属硫化物之间存在较复杂的矿物共生关系,以减少金的损失为优先条件,通过选矿试验研究,采用原矿全泥氰化;尾渣浮选铅锌工艺流程,金回收率达到95.69%,同时获得合格铅精矿和锌精矿,铅精矿品位66.41%、回收率79.24%,锌精矿品位51.88%、回收率89.49%。     

标准养护条件下铁尾矿制备RPC力学性能研究

标准养护条件下,采用固体废弃物铁尾矿砂代替石英砂设计制备RPC,研究其引入对RPC工作性能、强度和弯曲韧性的影响,通过XRD和SEM研究其对RPC水化反应和微观结构的影响。结果表明,标准养护条件下,铁尾矿砂RPC28d抗压强度和抗弯拉强度可分别达到117.5 MPa和24.2 MPa;铁尾矿砂的引入可降低RPC流动度、抗压强度和抗弯拉强度;采用美国ASTM C1609和日本JCI SF4评价测试铁尾矿砂RPC弯曲韧性,韧性指数I₁₀和σ_b分别为石英砂RPC的78.0%和77.8%;微观分析表明,少量铁尾矿砂对RPC内部水泥水化反应影响并不明显,继续增加铁尾矿砂的量会对水化反应产生不利影响。     

Hope for Animals and Their World: How Endangered Species are Being Rescued from the Wild

The presence of heavy metals in mine tailings poses potential threats to environment and human health. The paper reports an investigation of the effects of initial pH on bioleaching of heavy metals (Cu, Zn and Pb) from mine tailings by indigenous sulphur-oxidising bacteria.     

磷石膏尾矿坝渗流场与稳定性分析

针对大峪口磷石膏尾矿坝的实际情况,设定多种运行工况。运用饱和-非饱和渗流理论,分析磷石膏尾矿坝在各种工况下的渗流场。渗流场分析结果表明,干滩长度变化以及排渗垫层的淤堵程度对浸润线的影响十分明显,干滩长度越长,坝体浸润线越低;排渗垫层淤堵越重,浸润线越高。在渗流场分析的基础上,运用饱和-非饱和边坡稳定性分析方法,对坝体进行稳定性分析,得出不同工况下坝坡的安全系数。坝坡稳定性分析结果表明,在当前实际运行坝高180m时,最小安全系数为2.27,坝体是稳定的。不同工况下的安全系数均满足技术规程的规定。     

Ce联合Nb/Co改性稀土尾矿催化剂NH3-SCR性能及脱硝机理研究

白云鄂博稀土尾矿含有Fe、Ce等利于催化脱硝的活性元素,作为天然矿物对环境友好且成本低,是做脱硝催化剂的天然原料,但稀土尾矿催化剂温度窗口较窄(350~450℃)。为拓宽稀土尾矿催化剂的温度窗口,用Ce、Nb、Co改性稀土尾矿,采用水热法制备了一系列Ce-M(Nb、Co)改性稀土尾矿催化剂,探究元素比例及元素种类对脱硝性能的影响。通过BET、XRD、XPS、H2-TPR和NH3-TPD对改性稀土尾矿进行表征分析,并利用In situ DRIFTS 技术对Ce-Co改性稀土尾矿的NH3-SCR机理进行了探究。结果显示,Ce-Nb(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在300~400℃脱硝效率最高为85%,Ce-Co(2:1)改性稀土尾矿在250~400℃脱硝效率能够达到90%。Nb和Co的加入提高了催化剂表面CeCO3F的分散度,暴露更多活性吸附位点。同时,元素之间的相互作用促进了电子的转移,Nb5+的形成阻碍了Ce4+的还原,调节了氧化还原性能,使得Ce-Nb改性稀土尾矿具有优异的N2选择性。而Co的加入提高了催化剂氧化还原能力,使得Co3+增加,进而提高Br?nsted酸性位的吸附强度,NH4+及Co3+-NH2能够首先与NO反应,形成NH3HNO及NH2NO等中间产物,催化剂表面同时遵循E-R机理和L-H机理,E-R机理占主导。