增材制造技术在超高膨胀封隔器中的应用

石油和天然气行业不断关注增材制造技术在航空航天和汽车行业的应用发展。研发了利用增材制造技术的超高膨胀封隔器,该封隔器的支承环系统由增材制造。增材制造设计大幅减少了支承系统的构件数量,同时显著提高了膨胀能力和额定压力。密封元件系统与增材制造支承环安装在一起,提供了极端膨胀比、零挤压间隙和对不规则孔的良好适应性。分析和测试结果表明:直径膨胀比高达111%,与常规封隔器相比,提高50%以上; 至少涵盖5种线重的套管(外径相同); 在148.89 ℃的温度下,密封元件能够保持压力68.95 MPa。介绍了增材制造技术、增材制造支承环概念、增材制造材料力学性能、密封元件系统优化和测试情况,以期给我国的完井作业提供借鉴。     

基于现场监测与数值模拟的浅层采空区稳定性分析

隐患采空区是目前影响露天开采矿山安全生产的主要危害源之一。随着台阶开采的不断剥离,露天开采境界内各台阶与地下空区群的隔离层厚度越来越薄,随时有可能发生采空区顶板坍塌事故。考虑到露天矿采空区地质赋存条件和围岩稳固性等特征,以弓长岭露天铁矿浅层采空区为工程背景,运用现场监测和数值模拟相结合的手段综合分析了浅层采空区的稳定性。将液体静力水准地表沉降监测系统的监测数据与FLAC数值模拟结果对比,调整蠕变参数使得数值模拟的蠕变速率与现场监测结果一致,而后据此进行未来结果的预测。最终根据地表沉降数据确定的蠕变参数取值为A=1.0×10^-12、m=1.75、n=0.35。研究表明:静力水准测点地表最大沉降位移为-9.8 mm,蠕变计算结果顶板最大垂直位移约20.4 mm,应力最大值约25 MPa,综合分析显示该采空区较稳定。上述研究提供了一种基于采空区现场监测数据的数值模拟蠕变分析方法,可为类似矿山采空区稳定性分析提供借鉴。     

Finite element optimization of sample geometry for measuring the torsional shear strength of glass/metal joints

Assessment of mechanical properties of glass/metal joints is a challenging process, especially when the application relevant conditions of the joints have to be considered in the test design. In this study, a finite element method (FEM) is implemented to analyze a torsional shear strength test designed for glass-ceramic/steel joints aiming towards solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells application. Deviations from axial symmetry of the square flanges (ends) of respective hourglass-shaped specimens and also supporting and loading sockets of the test set-up are included in the model to simulate conditions close to reality. Undesirable tensile stress and also shear stress concentration appear at the outer edge of glass-ceramic layers, which are less for the hollow-full specimen. The simulation results show that for a specimen with either 9 mm thick square- or 6 mm thick triangular-flanges, locally enhanced tensile stresses almost disappear, resulting in a symmetric shear stress distribution. The difference between the analytically derived nominal shear strength and the real critical shear stress derived via simulation reduces with decreasing the fracture torque.     

Maximum likelihood-based adaptive differential evolution identification algorithm for multivariable systems in the state-space form

Parameter estimation plays an important role in the field of system control. This article is concerned with the parameter estimation methods for multivariable systems in the state-space form. For the sake of solving the identification complexity caused by a large number of parameters in multivariable systems, we decompose the original multivariable system into some subsystems containing fewer parameters and study identification algorithms to estimate the parameters of each subsystem. By taking the maximum likelihood criterion function as the fitness function of the differential evolution algorithm, we present a maximum likelihood-based differential evolution (ML-DE) algorithm for parameter estimation. To improve the parameter estimation accuracy, we introduce the adaptive mutation factor and the adaptive crossover factor into the ML-DE algorithm and propose a maximum likelihood-based adaptive differential evolution algorithm. The simulation study indicates the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.     

Adaptive GLR-, Rao- and Wald-based CFAR detectors for a subspace signal embedded in structured Gaussian interference

The problem of detecting a subspace signal embedded in subspace Gaussian interference and thermal noise is studied in this paper. In this problem, both the signal-independent and signal-dependent interferences are assumed to be present, therefore the overall interference subspace covers the signal subspace. The approach of this paper extends previous works involving either of those two kinds of interferences. A set of secondary data containing only interference plus noise is employed to estimate the interference covariance matrix and the noise power. Three new detectors are designed via the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), Rao and Wald tests, respectively. Their probabilities of false alarms (PFAs) and detections are analytically derived. The PFAs show that the new detectors have the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property against the interference and noise. Numerical results show that the new detectors outperform their counterparts for the studied problem. Furthermore, the new detectors are less sensitive to the secondary data size and to the mismatched subspace signal than some other detectors, such as the GLR detector (GLRD), the adaptive matched filter (AMF), the adaptive subspace detector (ASD), etc.     

斗轮取料机液压控制系统的故障分析及改进

针对臂式斗轮取料机运行中抖动现象,进行了故障分析和排除,并对其液压原理和元件选型进行了优化及改进,为相关液压系统的故障分析和设计选型提供参考。     

钢管套筒灌浆连接轴向受拉性能模拟试验研究

为研究钢管套筒灌浆连接轴向受拉破坏过程及破坏机理，试验中设计了16组48个钢管套筒灌浆连接试件，试件采用钢板代替圆钢管，并进行静载试验。分析了灌浆料裂缝扩展过程、荷载-相对位移曲线，并对抗剪键高距比、灌浆料厚度、侧向力等因素对破坏过程及承载力的影响进行分析。结果表明：对于不设置抗剪键的套筒灌浆连接试件，斜裂缝随机产生，裂缝分布不均匀；对于设置抗剪键的套筒灌浆连接试件，裂缝首先出现在底部抗剪键位置处，与水平方向夹角约为30°，随后在中部和上部抗剪键位置处分别出现斜裂缝。由于每个抗剪键上荷载分担并不均匀，与抗剪键接触的灌浆料逐渐达到极限压应力，达到极限状态时，承载力全部由抗剪键间的机械咬合力承担，在连接承载力中，可忽略摩擦力和胶结力作用。随着抗剪键高距比h/s增大，各试件初始剪切刚度相差不大，承载力增大，但增幅逐渐减小，建议抗剪键高距比0.06g/s>0.3，同时需要满足灌浆料灌注的施工要求。     

基于压缩机-支架系统的异常噪声研究

针对某乘用车发动机转速在1 573 r/min，压缩机开启时车内噪声异常的问题，对样车进行试验分析与诊断，对压缩机-支架系统进行仿真分析，提出改进方案并验证改进效果。利用LMS声振信号采集系统采集振动噪声数据，采用频谱分析、阶次追踪等方法，并结合压缩机-支架系统模态仿真结果，确定车内异常噪声是压缩机轴频21阶与压缩机-支架系统3阶模态频率接近发生共振造成的。通过优化支架结构来提高压缩机-支架系统3阶模态频率以此来避免共振，并换装橡胶驱动盘缓和压缩机输入扭矩波动。将改进结构进行整车试验，结果表明：匀速工况空调开启时问题转速下，车内噪声降低了2.5 dB(A)；匀加速工况空调开启时发动机转速1 500~1 650 r/min区间，车内噪声无峰值，其余转速空调开启时改进前/后车内噪声基本不变，噪声波动趋势平缓。     

Feedforward control of the transverse strip profile in hot-dip galvanizing lines

Hot-dip galvanizing is a standard technology to produce coated steel strips. The primary objective of the galvanizing process is to establish a homogeneous zinc layer with a defined thickness. One condition to achieve this objective is a uniform transverse distance between the strip and the gas wiping dies, which blow off excessive liquid zinc. Therefore, a flat strip profile at the gas wiping dies is required. However, strips processed in such plants often exhibit residual curvatures which entail unknown flatness defects of the strip. Such flatness defects cause non-uniform air gaps and hence an inhomogeneous zinc coating thickness. Modern hot-dip galvanizing lines often use electromagnets to control the transverse strip profile near the gas wiping dies. Typically, the control algorithms ensure a flat strip profile at the electromagnets because the sensors for the transverse strip displacement are also located at this position and it is unfeasible to mount displacement sensors directly at the gas wiping dies. This brings along that in general a flatness defect remains at the gas wiping dies, which in turn entails a suboptimal coating.In this paper, a model-based method for a feedforward control of the strip profile at the position of the gas wiping dies is developed. This method is based on a plate model of the axially moving strip that takes into account the flatness defects in the strip. First, an estimator of the flatness defects is developed and validated for various test strips and settings of the plant. Using the validated mathematical model, a simulation study is performed to compare the state-of-the-art control approach (flat strip profile at the electromagnets) with the optimization-based feedforward controller (flat strip profile at the gas wiping dies) proposed in this paper. Moreover, the influence of the distance between the gas wiping dies and the electromagnets is investigated in detail.