Activation of a Au/TiO2 Catalyst by Loading a Large Amount of Fe–Oxide: Oxidation of CO Enhanced by H2 and H2O

Catalytic activity of a 1 wt% Au/TiO₂ catalyst is markedly improved by loading a large amount of FeO_x, on which the oxidation of CO in excess H₂ is selectively promoted at temperature lower than 60 °C. Oxidation of CO with O₂ on the FeO_x/Au/TiO₂ catalyst is markedly enhanced by H₂, and H₂O moisture also enhances the oxidation of CO but its effect is not so large as the promotion by H₂. We deduced that activation of Au/TiO₂ catalyst by loading FeO_x is not caused by the size effect of Au particles but a new reaction path via hydroxyl carbonyl intermediate is responsible for the superior activity of the FeO_x/Au/TiO₂ catalyst.     

免疫细胞素Hu14.18-IL-2对黑色素瘤病人的免疫激活作用

目的评估免疫细胞素Hu14.18-IL-2对黑色素瘤病人体内免疫作用。方法33位黑色素瘤病人用一种人源化抗神经节苷脂GD-2的单抗与IL-2融合的免疫细胞素进行治疗,按每天0.8、1.6、3.2、4.8、6.0、7.5 mg/m2静脉滴注,连续3 d为一疗程,病情稳定或缓解后,在第5周接受第2疗程治疗。观察病人外周血单核淋巴细胞抗体依赖的细胞毒性、自然杀伤细胞活性、IL-2的体外增殖以及IL-2可溶性受体的变化。结果Hu14.18-IL-2能诱导病人淋巴细胞的吞噬作用,增强外周血中自然杀伤细胞的杀伤能力和数目,使血清中IL-2受体复合体的可溶性受体α链水平上升。结论免疫细胞素Hu14.18-IL-2对黑色素瘤病人具有免疫激活作用。     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acid chloride solution using ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants

Four novel non-ionic ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants (I–IV) were synthesised and investigated as corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using gravimetric, open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarisation techniques. The percentage inhibition efficiency (η%) for each inhibitor increased with increasing concentration until the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was reached. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached 95.1% in the presence of 400 ppm of the inhibitor (IV). It was found that the adsorption of the surfactants on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic polarisation data indicated that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The values of activation energy (E _a*) of carbon steel dissolution in 1 M HCl were calculated in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of each inhibitor. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of polished carbon steel surfaces and those immersed in 1 M HCl in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of inhibitor (IV).     

机械激活矿渣水泥

用于式高能振动磨机械激活矿渣（炉渣和／或硅灰）水泥。研究表明：经机械激活后．矿渣水泥的颗粒粒度降低，颗粒的比表面积增大。在掺合了矿渣的水泥中硅微粒聚团经机械激活后可有效地分散并作用于水泥中．使矿渣水泥的水化反应括性增强，促进水泥水化反应，降低水泥制品的孔隙度．从而可以提高水泥制品的力学性能。通过Fourier变换红外光谱和核磁共振等方法分析了机械激活作用的机理。     

Upgrading of gas oils: the HDS kinetics of dibenzothiophene and its derivatives in real gas oil

The hydrodesulphurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4-methyl dibenzothiophene (4 M-DBT), 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6 DM-DBT) and 4,6-diethyl dibenzothiophene (4,6 DE-DBT) as real gas oil components on NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst was investigated. On the basis of the first order rate constants of HDS of the individual sulphur compounds reactivities of the investigated compounds decreased in the order DBT ≫ 4 M-DBT > 4,6 DE-DBT ≈ 4,6 DM-DBT. Apparent activation energies of HDS of above sulphur compounds increased from 80.0 to 120.5 kJ/mol.     

Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride

Different structured activated carbons were prepared from Terminalia arjuna nuts, an agricultural waste, by chemical activation with zinc chloride for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The most important parameter in chemical activation was found to be the chemical ratio (activating agent/precursor, g/g). Carbonization temperature and time are the other two important variables, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. A high surface area of was obtained at a chemical ratio of 300%, carbonization time and temperature of 1 h and 500 °C, respectively. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capability to adsorb Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentrations. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum removal of chromium was obtained at pH 1.0 (about 99% for adsorbent dose of 2 g/l and 10 mg/l initial concentration).     

Study on the synthesis of thiirane

In this study, a thiirane resin was synthesized by the reaction of corresponding epoxy resin with KSCN. The synthetic conditions influencing the conversion of epoxy group were systematically investigated, such as the reaction temperature, reaction media, reaction time and the ratio of KSCN to epoxy group. It was found that the conversion of epoxy group increased with the increasing reaction temperature, improving the solubility of the mediate, extending reaction time, and the enhancing ratio of salt (KSCN) to epoxy group. Wherein, the reaction temperature and the ratio of the KSCN to epoxy group were more effective. For example, when the molar ratio of KSCN to epoxy group was equal to 2.0, the conversion of epoxy group got the maximum value, 0.65. In addition, the hot plate method was used to measure the gelling time of the resultant thiirane resin at different temperatures. It was found that the gelling time was reduced to 47–85% times as the corresponding epoxy resin depending on the conversion of the epoxy group, and the curing activation energy was diminished from 39 kJ/mol of epoxy resin to 17 kJ/mol. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4023–4027, 2006     

Effect of hydrophobic hexafluoroisopropylidene group on the water sorption behaviors of rigid poly(p‐phenylene pyromellitimide) polyimide thin films

We prepared poly(p‐phenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA–PDA), poly(p‐phenylene 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalimide), and their copolyimides with various compositions to explore the relationship between the water sorption and structure. The water sorption behaviors were gravimetrically investigated as a function of composition and temperature and interpreted with a Fickian diffusion model in films. Overall, the water sorption behaviors were strongly dependent on the changes in morphological structure, which originated from the variations in composition. When the content of the bulky hexafluoroisopropylidene group (6FDA) was increased, the water uptake decreased from 5.80 to 3.18 wt %, whereas the diffusion coefficient increased from 3.6 × 10^?10 to 11.3 × 10^?10 cm²/s. The relatively high water uptake in the PMDA–PDA polyimide film was successfully healed by the incorporation of 6FDA, which may have resulted from the increases in the intermolecular packing order and hydrophobicity. The degree of orientation and crystallinity, which are in‐plane characteristics, were directly correlated to the diffusion coefficient and activation energy in the polyimide film. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3442–3446, 2003     

Kinetic study of radical polymerization. II. Solid‐state bulk polymerization of sodium methacrylate by differential scanning calorimetry

The solid‐state radical polymerization of sodium methacrylate was investigated. It was initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile, which was used as a radical initiator. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to observe the endothermic and exothermic transitions during the polymerization reaction. Structural studies were performed with the DSC thermograms and Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectra, and all of the results confirmed the progress of the reaction. The obtained data revealed that the polymerization reaction proceeded completely with a 100% conversion. ΔH of this reaction was calculated with various amounts of the initiator, and the peak temperatures were determined at different heating rates. The activation energy (19.7 kcal mol^?1) was also obtained by the Kissinger method for this type of solid polymerization reaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1648–1654, 2003     

海泡石活化改性的研究现状及应用前景

综述了海泡石活化改性的主要方法、应用现状以及存在的一些问题,评价了改性海泡石在环境污染治理、抗菌材料、医学等领域的应用前景.