科学思想方法的教育比知识本身更重要

认为在物理教学中,应着重培养学生的科学思想方法,使之成为学生掌握基础知识,培养创新能力和自主学习的能力的最有效的途径.     

化学—微波—超声复合调质处理气田高乳化含油污泥

气田高乳化含油污泥成分复杂、乳化严重,采用单一的调理方法(微波加热、超声处理、化学调理等)难以实现其有效减量化。为此,以中国石油长庆油田公司米脂天然气处理厂含油污泥作为实验样品,对其进行化学调理并比较各种调理剂的处理效果,确定最佳药剂配方和加药顺序,再将化学调理与物理调理相复合,以降低污泥比阻,获得最佳的调理效果。研究结果表明:(1)以氧化剂MN-S、氧化钙与氢氧化钠的组合配方为化学调理剂,比单一或双药剂复配对高乳化含油污泥的调理效果更佳,其污泥样品脱水速度最快,污泥比阻由130.30×10~(12)m/kg降低至3.81×10~(12)m/kg;(2)对比微波与超声两种物理调理法的处理效果后发现,后者对污泥比阻的降低效果较佳,超声频率40 kHz调理4 min后污泥比阻降至14.01×10~(12)m/kg;(3)将化学调理与物理调理相复合,先化学后超声的调理效果最佳,污泥比阻降低至2.77×10~(12)m/kg,机械脱水后的污泥含水率为68.71%,比原始污泥含水率(90.17%)降低了21.46%。结论认为:所提出的高乳化含油污泥化学—微波—超声复合调理工艺技术,能有效降低污泥比阻和滤饼含水率,进而实现气田高乳化含油污泥的有效减量化。     

工业废渣对蜂窝型煤理化指标的影响

将生石灰与硅钙渣单一或组合作为型煤粘结剂,与粉煤按一定比例混合后加工成蜂窝型煤。测定了型煤的灰分、发热量、机械强度和水浸强度等理化指标,并对灰渣进行了TG-DSC分析。结果表明,使用硅钙渣取代粘土制备蜂窝型煤,不仅能够满足有关理化指标要求,并且具有固硫作用,有利于保护生态环境。     

北方某核电厂升功率物理试验优化的论证及实施

在核电厂反应堆换料后提升堆芯功率的物理试验中,在不同的功率平台氙浓度的分布需要等待24h才能稳定。随着软件的升级,已经可以计算氙毒未稳定情况下的理论数据库。本文采用SCIENCE软件对不同功率平台不同运行时间间隔的通量图试验结果进行模拟计算,理论分析表明,机组在功率平台稳定6h进行物理试验是满足安全要求的。根据该电厂1号机组第4循环首次启动物理试验的结果进行分析比较,得出结论:在不同的功率平台,堆芯连续稳定运行6h后,进行通量图测量试验是可行的。     

多芯片系统可靠性技术

在对电子产品可靠性技术的最新发展趋势进行了展望之后, 对多芯片系统的可靠性技术作了较全面的评述。对研究多芯片系统可靠性的失效率预测方法和失效物理评价方法以及多芯片系统的关键技术问题着重进行了细致的剖析并提出了解决的思路     

The Adaptive Building Initiative: The Functional Aesthetic of Adaptivity

Ziggy Drozdowski, Director of Technology at Hoberman Associates in New York, describes the Adaptive Building Initiative (ABI), a collaboration with engineers Buro Happold that is conceived to catalyse innovation in environmental building performance. The emphasis here is on developing technologies that both architects and engineers can engage with rather than products per se, ensuring that ‘the design and the technology layers employed are intertwined into one dynamic system’. This is exemplified by the initiative's development of the Tessellate™ adaptive facade system that both interacts with and helps control incident sunlight. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Muscle and Fascia Simulation with Extended Position Based Dynamics

Recent research on muscle and fascia simulation for visual effects relies on numerical methods such as the finite element method or finite volume method. These approaches produce realistic results, but require high computational time and are complex to set up. On the other hand, position-based dynamics offers a fast and controllable solution to simulate surfaces and volumes, but there is no literature on how to implement constraints that could be used to realistically simulate muscles and fascia for digital creatures with this method. In this paper, we extend the current state-of-the-art in Position-Based Dynamics to efficiently compute realistic skeletal muscle and superficial fascia simulation. In particular, we embed muscle fibres in the solver by adding an anisotropic component to the distance constraints between mesh points and apply overpressure to realistically model muscle volume changes under contraction. In addition, we also define a modified distance constraint for the fascia that allows compression and enables the user to scale the constraint's original distance to gain elastic potential at rest. Finally, we propose a modification of the extended position-based dynamics algorithm to properly compute different sets of constraints and describe other details for proper simulation of character's muscle and fascia dynamics.     

Investigation on thermal fatigue of SnAgCu,Sn100C,and SnPbAg solder joints in varying temperature environments

Thermal cycling tests have been performed for a range of electronic components intended for avionic applications, assembled with SAC305, SN100C and SnPbAg solder alloys. Two temperature profiles have been used, the first ranging between −20 °C and +80 °C (TC1), and the second between −55 °C and +125 °C (TC2). High level of detail is provided for the solder alloy composition and the component package dimensions, and statistical analysis, partially supported by FE modeling, is reported. The test results confirm the feasibility of SAC305 as a replacement for SnPbAg under relatively benign thermomechanical loads. Furthermore, the test results serve as a starting point for estimation of damage accumulation in a critical solder joint in field conditions, with increased accuracy by avoiding data reduction. A computationally efficient method that was earlier introduced by the authors and tested on relatively mild temperature environments has been significantly improved to become applicable on extended temperature range, and it has been applied to a PBGA256 component with SAC305 solder in TC1 conditions. The method, which utilizes interpolated response surfaces generated by finite element modeling, extends the range of techniques that can be employed in the design phase to predict thermal fatigue of solder joints under field temperature conditions.     

物理学史融入大学物理实验教学的探讨

物理学史引进物理实验教学是改革传统物理实验教育的有益手段,能激发学生探知欲,促进学生对其他学科的学习,促进教育理念的更新,使学生在探究过程中培养主动学习的能力,养成严谨的科学态度与求实作风。     

Analytic Spectral Integration of Birefringence‐Induced Iridescence

Optical phenomena that are only observable in optically anisotropic materials are generally ignored in the computer graphics. However, such optical effects are not restricted to exotic materials and can also be observed with common translucent objects when optical anisotropy is induced, e.g. via mechanical stress. Furthermore accurate prediction and reproduction of those optical effects has important practical applications. We provide a short but complete analysis of the relevant electromagnetic theory of light propagation in optically anisotropic media and derive the full set of formulations required to render birefringent materials. We then present a novel method for spectral integration of refraction and reflection in an anisotropic slab. Our approach allows fast and robust rendering of birefringence‐induced iridescence in a physically faithful manner and is applicable to both real‐time and offline rendering.