钨基催化剂上钨的分散性和加氢脱氮性能

采用浸渍法和干混法制备了一系列负载钨的层柱分子筛催化剂 (W /Al-CLM)和对比用的负载钨的γ -Al2 O3催化剂 (W/γ -Al2 O3 )。研究了W/Al-CLM和W /γ -Al2 O3 两种催化剂表面上钨的分散情况 ,测定了W /Al-CLM和W /γ -Al2 O3 两种催化剂的吡啶加氢脱氮微反活性 ,比较了W /Al-CLM和W /γ -Al2 O3 两种催化剂的钨的分散性和加氢脱氮活性 ,分析了规律性。氨水处理可以溶去催化剂上所有晶相钨物种 ,改善了钨物种在载体表面上的分散性 ,催化剂上不溶于氨水并呈单层分散的表面钨物种是加氢脱氮活性中心。     

Poly(butylene terephthalate)–clay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation: morphology and thermomechanical properties

Nanocomposites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and an organoclay (Cloisite 30B) were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder. Two kinds of PBTs, ie PBT‐A and PBT‐B, with different inherent viscosities (η_inh), were used for this study (η_inh of PBT‐A and PBT‐B were 0.74 and 1.48, respectively). Dispersion of the clay layers in the PBT nanocomposites was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the nanocomposites were also examined. Nanocomposites based on the higher‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐B) showed a higher degree of exfoliation of the clay and a higher reinforcing effect when compared to the composites based on the lower‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐A). The clay nanolayers dispersed in PBT matrices lead to increases in the non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the PBTs, with such increases being more significant for the PBT‐B nanocomposites than for the PBT‐A nanoocomposites. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

CuMgAl类水滑石的制备和表征

用盐-碱制备法合成了CuMgAl三元类水滑石化合物。探讨了原料配比、合成方式、水热处理温度和时间对合成过程的影响,筛选出合成HTLcs的适宜条件,并对HTLcs结构的热稳定性进行初步研究。结果表明,制备HTLcs主要取决于pH值,同时由于Cu2+的姜-太勒效应,合成结构单一的CuMgAl类水滑石要求原料配比中n(Cu)∶n(Mg)不得超过1.0,CuMgAl-HTLcs热稳定性较差,300℃焙烧2h结构破坏,600℃开始烧结,在300~500℃之间,随焙烧温度提高所得复合氧化物比表面积增大,最高可达200 m2/g。     

粘土矿物用于乙烯聚合催化剂的研究 Ⅰ.以凹凸棒石粘土为载体的乙烯聚合催化剂

研究了以凹凸棒石粘土为载体,负载TiCl4制备的乙烯聚合催化剂的结构、性能及制备规律。结果表明,催化剂中Ti的负载量随焙烧温度的提高而逐渐降低,聚合活性随焙烧温度的提高呈上升趋势,但过高的焙烧温度也会导致粘土晶体结构的彻底破坏而不利于活化粘土活性的提高;通过采用烷基铝等有机金属化合物处理粘土同样可以极大地改善粘土性质,提高催化活性。不同助催化剂对以凹凸棒石粘土为载体的催化剂的聚合性能有较大影响。     

重整生成油脱烯烃催化剂TORH-1的开发及其应用

开发了一种用于脱除重整生成油或混合芳烃中烯烃的加氢精制催化剂TORH-1，该催化剂以具有独特孔道结构的新型氧化铝材料为载体，以Pd和Pt为主要活性组分。实验室中型试验、工业侧线试验、工业试验及工业应用结果表明，TORH-1催化剂具有良好的脱烯烃活性、选择性、稳定性以及对复杂原料的适应性，可以完全替代工业颗粒白土。TORH-1催化剂开工不需要额外预硫化，开工方法简便、安全和绿色环保。     

Electrochemical Aspects of Electroosmotic Dewatering of Clay Suspensions

An attempt is made to elucidate the electrochemical aspects of the electroosmotic dewatering (EOD) of clays as reported in some recent work, especially that on interrupted DC power electroosmotic dewatering published by Rabie, Mujumdar and Weber (2). These authors showed that the dewatering by EOD stops after the DC power has been on for several minutes or hours; on interruption of their power and on short-circuiting of the electrodes, conditions can be created again for some further dewatering by DC power EOD. This discovery, of Rabie et al. is interpreted as a fuel cell effect and it is shown that it affords clues to several other electrochemical strategies for the possible enhancement of the efficiency of the EOD by DC power.

Further, the open circuit potentials observed by Rabie et al. (2) on the interruption of DC power are given an electrochemical interpretation which leads to quantitative estimates in agreement with the experimental values.     

累托石粘土在电瓷工业中的应用研究

根据累托石粘土具有可塑性、泥浆性能好、高温不开裂等特点,对湖北钟祥县所产的累托石粘土矿进行了研究。经选矿后除去硫铁矿的精矿含累托石在60～70％,TFe_2O_3低于1.5％,即可用做优质电瓷结合粘土。配方试验证明:累托石粘土具有结合性好、干燥烧成收缩小,其铝质高强度电瓷坯料烧成抗弯曲强度大于147 MPa,坯料塑性指标大于49 N·cm(5 kgf/cm~2),此指标完全可满足电瓷要求。研究结果表明累托石粘土是一种新型的优质电瓷结合粘土。     

Ultrasound‐activated Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with carbonylic compounds catalysed by alkaline‐doped saponites

α,β‐Unsaturated nitriles have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of a carbonylic compound with malononitrile, assisted by sonochemical irradiation. Two alkaline‐promoted clays (Li⁺‐ and Cs⁺‐exchanged saponites) have been employed as catalysts. The influence of the carbonylic compound (benzaldehyde or cyclohexanone) and the use of a solvent on the catalytic activity have been studied. Remarkable increase in the conversion values has been found when the reaction is activated by ultrasound, as compared with the thermal activation. In this green, solvent‐free procedure, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles have been produced in very high yields (97%) when the Cs⁺‐saponite is used as catalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

孤岛原油正庚烷和正戊烷沥青质乳化能力研究

从孤岛原油中分离出正戊烷和正庚烷沥青质，元素分析和红外光谱分析结果表明，相对分子质量较大的正庚烷沥青质，含杂原子和极性基团较多。将两种沥青质溶于甲苯配制的模型油，分别与蒸馏水、模拟地层水、0～900mg／LHPAM溶液、0～500mg／L黏土液按1：10体积比充分乳化，测定静置时水相（水包油乳状液）透光率，据以考察沥青质的乳化能力，结果表明：正庚烷沥青质的乳化能力强于正戊烷沥青质；矿化离子使沥青质的乳化能力减弱；随聚合物浓度增大，沥青质乳化能力增强；黏土在浓度小于200mg／L时使乳化能力减弱，浓度大于200mg／L时使乳化能力增强。模型油与HPAM溶液间的界面张力，在聚合物浓度100mg／L时有最小值，在500mg／L时有最大值，正庚烷沥青质模型油的界面张力随聚合物浓度的变化较剧烈。正庚烷模型油在聚合物溶液中的乳化油滴直径分布范围较正戊烷模型油窄，聚合物浓度较大时，油滴直径分布范围较宽。正庚烷沥青质模型油与黏土液闸的界面张力，在黏土液浓度增至300mg／L时略有升高，浓度继续增大时大幅升高，而正戊烷模型油的界面张力在黏土液浓度300mg／L时有最低值。图9表3参7。     

平湖油气田古近系花港组低阻油层成因与识别分析

低阻油气层是一种非常规储层 ,其油气层电阻率与邻近水层电阻率接近 ,或有时低于水层的电阻率。通过对花港组H5砂层组的岩石类型、颗粒大小、粘土矿物的成分及其分布、孔隙结构、润湿性、地层水矿化度进行研究 ,表明该砂层组低阻的原因主要是由于高束缚水饱和度及高地层水矿化度引起的。