补偿式光纤双法布里－珀罗微位移测量系统

本文提出一种能补偿环境影响的,插入光纤传光介质的新型微位移测量系统和灵敏度阈的实验结果.由于采用平行双通道的结构,系统具有高精度、抗干扰的补偿法特点.该系统适合于微位移(纳米级)测量,可用于检定其它高精度位移传感器,几何量计量中定位,微细加工表面轮廓测量以及可以转换成微位移量或光程差的其它物理量测量中.     

地面立体摄影测量在露天矿山的应用

本文针对露天矿验收测量的特点，论述了露天矿验收地面立体摄影测量方法及其内业处理系统，并将地面立体摄影测量结果与ＥＤＭ解析法测量结果进行了比较。     

柱形颗粒群直径分布的激光衍射测量技术

提出了用激光衍射功率谱方法测量柱形颗粒群直径分布的技术方法，解决了长颗粒随机排列时的功率谱探测，及数据快速优化方法等技术难题。此技术已地应用于由羊毛和化纤截成的柱形颗粒群直径分布的测量，实现结果证明了此技术的可行性和实用性。     

人工智能方法用于熔喷过程在线检测的研究

熔喷生产最终产品质量的控制，对于过程优化具有重要的意义。产品质量的在线检测是过程监测与质量控制必不可少的。本文首次在熔喷系统中引入人工智能的研究方法，对熔喷非织造布的厚度与纤维直径进行在线预测。实测数据与人工神经网络的预测结果吻合较好，从而证实了人工神经网络用于模拟熔喷过程的可行性。网络的输入包括：挤出机温度、喷头温度、熔融体挤出速率、空气流率及接收距离。神经元计算的输出是纤维直径与熔喷非织布的厚度。文中进一步提出了将神经网络与专家系统相结合的研究路线，以实现熔喷过程的优化控制。     

Early detection of ageing in solder joints through laser probe thermal analysis of the peltier effect

We have recently developed an optical contactless method for testing the quality of solder joints during accelerated thermal cycling ageing processes.¹ The method was based upon the measurement of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the joint to short bursts of Joule heating. It has proved to be efficient in revealing the formation of cracks at the lead-solder interface. We present a method to evaluate ageing at a much earlier stage in the cycling process. We have observed in earlier work,¹ that before cracks appear, structural changes occur in the solder at the lead-solder interface. The thermal response of the solder joint is recorded over time to a Peltier heat perturbation produced by flowing a current pulse through the interface where structural changes occur. The key point in this method is to discriminate the Peltier effect from the Joule thermal response because both effects generate heat. The variation of the early Peltier response in the thermal cycling ageing tests is seen as a quantitative signature of the structural changes in the lead-solder interface.     

Novel miniature integrated optical goniometers

A new principle and arrangement for directly determining the angle of incidence of an optical beam on an object are proposed and demonstrated. The novelty of the approach lies in the realization of a ‘smart object’, which extracts a portion of the incident beam's power into an optical waveguide attached to the object's surface or embedded in its body for converting the angle of incidence into the position of a guided beam with finite lateral extent. This ‘integrated optical light pointer’ beam is accomplished by means of creating additional degrees of freedom on the target in two different ways. While a first type is based on introducing spatial variations of the waveguide thickness, a second type makes use of a chirp of the grating periodicity. The feasibility for practical applications has been experimentally demonstrated by a direct comparison with a commercial high-resolution encoder, resulting in an r.m.s. error of <30′'. Measurements have been performed for chips fabricated based on replicated polycarbonate substrates and with no external optics, showing the great potential of this approach for realizing low-cost yet high-performance miniature goniometers.     

A Cost-Effective Thickness Measurement Technique for Engine Propellers

This paper describes the design and development of a precision calliper system to measure the surface profile of an outboard marine engine propeller blade. Several instruments that are commonly used for measuring the surface profile of a propeller blade are reviewed in this paper. These include the pitch meter, the profilometer and the computer numerical control coordinate-measuring machine (CNC-CMM). However, the operating practices and availability of different facilities in industry necessitate a more cost-effective approach. An alternative method using a precision calliper system is therefore proposed. Details of the design criteria, principles of operation and the testing and verification of the system are presented. The paper concludes that the precision calliper system is a cost-effective method for measuring the surface profile of a propeller.     

脉冲啁啾对干涉相关测宽的影响及其消除方法

本文深入讨论了脉冲啁啾的非线性起源及其对干涉相关测宽(等值宽度和条纹计数)法的影响。提出根据干涉相关曲线下包络最大值位置适当降低等值宽度位置和用计算机平均处理干涉相关信息的技术以消除啁啾的影响。     

再谈冶金学中使用国际单位制的若干问题

讨论了近年来在冶金书刊中作为国际单位制推行的质量分数和传统的质量百分浓度的关系，指明了出现计算错误的可能性，并联系热力学函数的标准状态进行了分析。也提出了冶金学中使用国际单位制目前还存在的若干问题。     

炭/炭复合材料抗氧化涂层厚度的光学测量

选用A,B,C,D4种炭/炭复合材料试样进行抗氧化涂层厚度的光学测量研究。其中:试样A,B孔隙度相同,均为15.85％,对其涂覆粒径分别为1μm和10μm的B_4C涂层;试样C,D孔隙度分别为13.52％和16.78％,对其均涂覆粒径为10μm的B_4C涂层。然后通过金相光学测量其涂层厚度,在抗氧化涂层厚度的计算过程中,对试样组织的内部未渗入抗氧化涂层的孔隙进行图像处理。结果表明:当试样孔隙度相同时,涂层材料粒径越小,其涂层越厚;当抗氧化涂层材料粒径相同时,试样孔隙度越大,涂层越厚。