pH敏感型交联微球的制备

采用铈盐-羟基氧化还原引发体系,以对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)和葡聚糖(Dex)为原料,通过自由基接枝聚合将聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSSS)接枝到Dex上,得到接枝共聚物Dex-g-PSSS,再通过交联反应合成C(Dex-g-PSSS)微球。利用FTIR、光学显微镜、Zeta电位仪表征了试样的结构和形态,研究了反应条件对PSSS接枝度的影响,考察了C(Dex-g-PSSS)微球在模拟胃液和结肠液中的溶胀率。表征结果显示,C(Dex-g-PSSS)微球为交联微球,其Zeta电位为绝对值较大的负值。实验结果表明,在适宜的反应条件(硫酸铈铵浓度12 mmol/L、H+浓度0.08 mol/L、Dex 5 g、SSS 5 g、50℃,6 h)下,可得到接枝度为11.86 g(基于100 g Dex-g-PSSS)的PSSS。C(Dex-g-PSSS)微球有较明显的p H敏感性,它在模拟胃液中的溶胀率仅有134%,在模拟结肠液中的溶胀率可达到678%,是潜在的口服结肠定位给药系统基质材料。     

我国洗涤用品原料LAS健康风险评估

通过对合成洗涤剂的重要原料LAS毒性资料进行全面的检索及整理,从毒代动力学、急性毒性、重复染毒毒性等9个方面综述了LAS毒性危害及相关毒性参数。在调查了中国家庭消费者洗涤用品使用方法与习惯及中国人群洗涤用品基本暴露参数的基础上,评估了LAS的人体暴露量。在危害评估及暴露评估的基础上,通过计算暴露限值(MOE)对LAS进行了风险表征描述。结果表明,LAS的MOE为497,家庭消费者通过洗涤用品暴露于LAS是安全的。     

无患子皂苷-十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配体系表面活性及在制备氢氧化镍复合材料中的应用

研究了无患子皂苷与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性,并将其应用于氢氧化镍复合材料的制备中;采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料进行了结构表征,考察了表面活性剂对材料形貌的影响。研究表明,自提无患子皂苷临界胶束浓度(cmc)和对应表面张力(γ_(cmc))分别为0.200 g/L和38.3 mN/m;在复配体系中,当SDBS的质量分数为5%时,两者表现出协同作用,而当SDBS的质量分数增至20%后,则呈现对抗作用;以SDBS质量分数为5%的表面活性剂复配体系作为添加剂,在0.83 g/L时,制备得到直径约为3μm形貌均匀的球状氢氧化镍复合材料。     

Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂与SDBS和SDS的复配行为

采用荧光分光光度法和Zeta电位法考察了系列Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的复配效果。结果表明,Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂疏水链和连接基越长,cmc越小,且疏水链长度对表面活性剂性能的影响较大;Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂的加入可显著提高阴离子表面活性剂SDBS和SDS的表面活性,当Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂与SDBS或SDS的摩尔比为3:7时,复配体系的cmc最小,且与SDS复配体系的性能优于与SDBS的复配体系。     

磺化产业的现状及发展趋势

综述了磺化类表面活性剂的发展现状,介绍了正在运行的、停产及在建的磺化装置,总结了不同磺化类表面活性剂近年来的产销量及主要的生产厂家,并展望了我国磺化产业的发展趋势。     

Influence of Hydrocarbon Chain Branching on Foam Properties of Olefin Sulfonate with FoamScan

The influence of surfactant structure on foam properties of internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) in aqueous solutions was estimated from measurements of the foamability, foam stability, and foam morphology, as obtained from conductivity and image analyses techniques. It was found that the foamability and foam stability of C_16–18 AOS are higher compared to that of C_16–18 IOS, indicating that hydrocarbon chain branching decreases the foamability and foam stability. The foamability and foam stability are enhanced with increasing surfactant concentration, which increases the adsorbed quantity of surfactant molecules at the air–water interface. The influence of hydrocarbon chain branching on foam morphology was also investigated. It was found that foam cells produced by branched chain C_16–18 IOS are larger than the foam cells generated by straight chain C_16–18 AOS.     

硅线石与捕收剂作用机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学ＣＮＤＯ／２法计算了硅线石晶体中各离子的电荷分布以及捕收剂油酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠和十四胺与硅线有相互作用的双原子能及吸附热．根据量子化学计算结果分析了硅线石与捕收剂的成键机理，认为油酸钠为化学吸附，十二烷基磺酸钠为物理吸附．同时预测了这三种捕收剂的捕收力：油酸钠＞十四胺＞十二烷基磺酸钠，这一预测结果在浮选试验中得到了证实．     

双波长叠加紫外光度法测定SDBS

研究了硫酸耐尔蓝与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的反应,建立测定SDBS的双波长叠加紫外光度法。在pH=5.02缓冲溶液中,硫酸耐尔蓝与SDBS形成离子缔合物,在紫外区有正、负吸收峰,大正吸收波长位于304 nm,大负吸收波长位于280 nm,摩尔吸光系数分别为ε280为2.5×104L·mol-1·cm-1,ε304为2.2×104L·mol-1·cm-1,当用双波长叠加法时,ε280+304为4.7×104L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围均为0.5~4 mg/L。研究了反应的适宜条件,用于环境水中SDBS的测定,回收率在98.9%~103.2%。     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

AP-P4/SDBS二元体系在石英砂上的吸附特性

针对AP-P4/SDBS聚表二元体系,选用不同浓度配方的聚表体系,在石英砂上展开静态吸附和动态滞留实验,研究聚表体系中各组分的吸附规律,考察了浓度、温度、矿化度对组分的吸附影响。结果表明,聚表二元体系中各组分在石英砂上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模式,其中,SDBS表现为双分子层吸附、AP-P4表现为单分子层吸附特质。AP-P4与SDBS存在竞争吸附关系,SDBS的吸附量是AP-P4的20多倍。温度和矿化度升高,SDBS的吸附量增大。聚表二元体系中SDBS的动态滞留量小于其静态吸附量,而AP-P4的动态滞留量大于其静态吸附量。