双驱动交互控制技术

在某些飞机起落架结构疲劳试验中,需要在不同受力情况下进行循环载荷加载疲劳试验。为了加载精确、降低成本、减少人力物力消耗,采用随动加载方式进行加载,即对加载设备使用位移定位控制,通过改变加载设备位置间接对试验件进行载荷加载,从而完成不同状态的载荷试验。以往位移控制一般使用伺服控制液压加载设备,控制信号易受外界干扰,存在定位不准确、加载器抖动等,从而导致位移定位存在误差,试验加载精度不够。为了解决这一问题,引入电驱动控制系统,该系统响应快、精度高,无液压油中间介质,性能稳定,多执行器同步性高。经过理论分析与研究并通过验证试验,使用液压驱动与电驱动交互控制技术完成试验加载控制,提高了试验加载精度,满足了起落架疲劳试验需求。试验结果表明,该技术可应用于一些特殊的飞机起落架结构强度疲劳试验。     

Effect of the loading mode and temperature on hydrogen embrittlement behavior of 15Cr for steam turbine last stage blade steel

The hydrogen embrittlement of 15Cr martensitic stainless steel, for steam turbine last stage blades, was systematically studied by using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test and constant loading tensile (CLT) test at room temperature and 80 °C to simulate the service conditions. It was shown that, despite the lower hydrogen concentration absorbed during SSRT, the hydrogen-induced fracture strength of 15Cr steel for SSRT was lower than the threshold fracture strength for CLT. This was due to the remarkable enhancement in local hydrogen concentration due to the transportation of hydrogen by mobile dislocation during SSRT. In addition, although the higher hydrogen concentration was absorbed during SSRT at 80 °C, the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of 15Cr steel for SSRT at 80 °C was lower than that at room temperature, because the degree of local hydrogen accumulation decreased at a higher temperature.     

Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The activity of in house prepared carbon-supported Pt-Ru catalysts for methanol oxidation and carbon-supported RuSe for the oxygen reduction reaction in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was investigated. The composition of Pt-Ru/C was varied both in terms of weight loading (ratio of total metal content to carbon) as well as the ratio of Pt to Ru. The measurements were carried out in a half cell arrangement in sulphuric acid at various temperatures. The weight loading and ratio of Pt to Ru were varied in order to find out the optimum weight loading of precious metal and the temperature dependence of Pt to Ru ratio on methanol oxidation reaction. It has been found that there exists an optimum in the weight loading at 60 wt.% for carbon-supported Pt-Ru catalyst towards its maximum mass activity. While 1:1 Pt to Ru ratio exhibits a higher activity than 3:2 Pt:Ru above 60 °C, 3:2 ratio exhibits a higher activity at lower temperature. It has been observed that RuSe is inactive towards methanol and it is realised that RuSe is a potential candidate as methanol tolerant oxygen reduction catalyst. The activity of carbon supported RuSe for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was tested in sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol. Even though the mass specific activity of the RuSe catalyst is somewhat lower than that of Pt/C, the surface activity of carbon-supported RuSe is superior than that of carbon supported Pt which indicate the unfavourable size distribution of RuSe/C catalyst.