Controlled synthesis of W–Co3S4@Co3O4 as an environmentally friendly and low cost electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Electrochemistry splitting of water is considered to be one of the most fascinating methods to replace traditional chemical fuels. Here, we design a new method to exploit W–Co₃S₄@Co₃O₄ heterostructures. The W–Co₃S₄@Co₃O₄ material was first prepared and grown in situ on nickel foam by a typical hydrothermal and calcination approach. Based on the principle of electronic regulation, the synergistic effect of W and Co metal ions can increase the charge transfer of the electrode, thus significantly prompting the catalytic activity of the electrode. The W–Co₃S₄@Co₃O₄ material present superior catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the overpotential at 10 mA cm⁻² is 260 mV and 140 mV, respectively. Notably, W–Co₃S₄@Co₃O₄ catalyst showed excellent water splitting performance under alkaline conditions (cell voltage of 1.63V @10 mA cm⁻²). Density functional theory calculation shows that the existence of the Co₃O₄ material accelerates the rate of hydrogen production reaction, and the existence of the W–Co₃S₄ material promotes the conductivity of the W–Co₃S₄@Co₃O₄ electrode. The synergistic effect of W–Co₃S₄ and Co₃O₄ materials is beneficial to the improvement of the catalytic activity of the electrode. This study provides a novel view for the development of electrodes synthesis and a novel paradigm for the development of robust, better and relatively non-toxic bifunctional catalysts.     

Fabrication and compressive behavior of open-cell aluminum foams via infiltration casting using spherical CaCl2 space-holders

The infiltration casting fabrication process based on spherical CaCl₂ space-holders and the compressive behavior including the mechanical performance and energy absorption capacity of open-cell aluminum foams were investigated.Open-cell aluminum foams with different porosities in the range of 63.1%to 87.3%can be fabricated by adjusting compression ratios of CaCl₂ preforms prepared by precision hot-pressing.The compression tests show that a strain-hardening phenomenon always occurs especially for open-cell aluminum foam with low porosity,resulting in the inclining stress-strain curve in the plateau region.The energy absorption capacity of open-cell aluminum foam decreases with increasing porosity when compared at the same strain.However,when compared at a given stress,each foam can absorb the maximal energy among the five foams in a special stress range.Additionally,open-cell aluminum foam possesses the maximum energy absorption efficiency at its optimum operating stress.At this stress condition,the foam can absorb the highest energy compared with other foams at the same stress point.The optimum operating stress and the corresponding maximal energy absorption decrease with increasing the porosity.The optimum operating stress for energy absorption can also be determined similarly when taking into consideration of the lightweight extent of foams.     

胶磷矿浮选泡沫稳定性研究

以贵州福泉氟磷灰石、石英、白云石和方解石纯矿物浮选泡沫为研究对象,分析胶磷矿浮选泡沫稳定性,通过泡沫稳定性测试、三相接触角测量和泡沫光学图像观察,研究胶磷矿中四种主要矿物在不同捕收剂浓度、矿物颗粒粒度和质量浓度下的浮选泡沫稳定性,并考察白云石和方解石溶解产生的Ca2+、Mg2+对泡沫稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：氟磷灰石、白云石和方解石分散体系的三相泡沫稳定性均随着十二胺浓度的增大而增加,接触角变化幅度不大。石英颗粒的泡沫稳定性先增加后降低,接触角在十二胺浓度1.5×10-4mol·L-1后大于90°,表现出极强的疏水性;四种矿物颗粒体系的三相泡沫稳定性均随着颗粒粒度的增大而逐渐减小,随着颗粒质量浓度增大而增加。通过泡沫图像发现,矿物颗粒黏附在泡膜表面,液膜变厚,提高了泡沫稳定性;白云石和方解石溶解产生的Ca2+、Mg2+对泡沫稳定性具有促进作用。     

四种胺类捕收剂体系中两相泡沫和赤铁矿/石英三相泡沫的稳定性

选取赤铁矿和石英两种纯矿物,十二胺、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、GE609、N-十二烷基乙二胺四种胺类捕收剂,研究了不同pH值和捕收剂浓度对两相泡沫稳定性的影响以及不同粒级的赤铁矿和石英对三相泡沫稳定性的影响。结果表明,除N-十二烷基乙二胺外,其余三种胺类捕收剂溶液的泡沫半衰期均随着捕收剂浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且泡沫稳定性总体呈现酸性>中性>碱性的规律。N-十二烷基乙二胺的泡沫半衰期随浓度的增加逐渐升高,泡沫稳定性呈现碱性>中性>酸性的规律;在四种胺类捕收剂体系中,加入不同粒级石英或者赤铁矿颗粒后均能够在一定程度上提高泡沫的稳定性,颗粒粒度越细,泡沫越稳定,-18μm粒级石英颗粒的影响尤为明显;石英提高泡沫稳定性的程度远高于赤铁矿,加入细粒级的石英颗粒能够大幅度提高泡沫稳定性。微细粒级石英是急剧提高胺类捕收剂浮选泡沫稳定性的关键因素。     

正交试验优化电沉积 Ni-Cr 泡沫合金工艺

目的获得电沉积Ni-Cr泡沫合金的最佳工艺参数。方法采用正交实验法研究镀液成分等工艺参数对镀层沉积速率、厚度以及合金中Cr含量的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对镀层横截面厚度等镀层指标进行了考察。结果阴极电流密度为28 A/dm2,镀液pH值为2.0,镀液温度为25℃,CrCl3·6H2O的质量浓度为125 g/L,配位剂与Cr3+摩尔比为1.8时,电沉积60 min能够获得表面光亮平整的Ni-Cr合金镀层,镀层厚度为24.09μm,沉积速率为0.4198 mg/(cm2·min),镀层中Cr的质量分数为14.76%。结论镀液温度在25~40℃范围内,对Ni-Cr合金镀层厚度、沉积速率的影响最大;镀液中CrC13·6H2O浓度、配位剂与Cr3+的摩尔比两个因素,对合金镀层中Cr含量的影响较大。     

泡沫复合驱在胜利油田的应用

针对胜利油区孤岛油田中二区中部Ng3＋4油层和埕东油田西区油藏条件，进行了泡沫复合驱实验研究。封堵调剖实验表明，泡沫复合驱具有优良的封堵调剖能力，其封堵能力随渗透率增加而增大；气液共注时，阻力因子随注入量增加而持续增大，交替式注入时，阻力因子随注入量的增加波动上升，但随着注入量不断增加，两种方式均能产生较好的封堵效果；低气液比交替注入时，封堵作用表现缓慢；大段塞交替注入时，封堵效果相对较弱。驱油效率实验表明，泡沫复合驱比水驱提高采收率20％以上，发泡剂对矿化度、温度及原油性质等油藏条件改变均不敏感，适应性强。孤岛油田中二区中部Ng3＋4油层实施单井试注后，生产井增油降水效果显著，注入井吸水剖面明显改善。图5表4参14     

铜合金熔体泡沫陶瓷过滤过程数值模拟

利用扫描电镜获取泡沫陶瓷结构参数,采用基于最大球算法及Gambit软件建立泡沫陶瓷三维几何模型,对铜合金熔体泡沫陶瓷过滤过程进行了数值模拟,研究了铜合金熔体流速、夹杂物直径、泡沫陶瓷结构对过滤效率和压降的影响。模拟结果表明:泡沫陶瓷孔径和厚度是影响过滤效率和压降的主要因素;过滤效率和压降均随着泡沫陶瓷孔径的减小而增加,随着泡沫陶瓷厚度增大而增加。     

多孔Ag@Ni泡沫金属的制备及其在非水性锂空气电池上的应用

通过改进的置换反应,以三维网状结构泡沫镍为基底,制备了新型多孔Ag/Ni复合泡沫金属材料(Ag@Ni泡沫金属)。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)表明,泡沫镍基底上生成的金属Ag颗粒呈枝晶状且分布均匀。将其作为集流体首次应用于锂空气一次电池正极,通过线性伏安扫描(LSV)、电化学阻抗(EIS)和充放电测试研究了电极的电化学性能,结果表明,这种Ag@Ni泡沫金属作为锂空气一次电池的氧气极集流体,明显提高了还原反应的催化活性,改善了电化学反应性能,电流密度0.1 mA/cm2时,放电电压平台从2.66升高到2.73 V,容量也由2000 mAh/g增大到2750 mAh/g,且大电流密度下改善更为明显。     

采用粗空心微球低压粉末冶金法制备空心微球复合泡沫钛(英文)

在低压下采用粉末冶金法,使用粗尺寸空心微球制备出不同相对密度的钛空心微球复合泡沫材料。在压力为60~70 MPa,通过冷压制备得到不同相对密度的泡沫钛。研究冷压压力与空心微球破碎倾向和相对密度的函数关系。研究制备的泡沫钛材料的压缩变形行为,考虑到实际应用,建立了平台应力、弹性模量、致密化应变和能量吸收之间的经验关系。对比泡沫钛和致密钛的性能指标,发现在工程应用中泡沫钛是致密钛的优秀替代物。     

瞬间耐1500℃以上聚氨酯泡沫研制

主要介绍采用在聚酯 多元聚合成中，引入含得核及阻燃基团的结构等方法，使合成的聚氨酯 泡沫在瞬间达到耐１５００℃以上的烧蚀，并具有阻燃自熄及及高的机械强度。