应用~(210)Pb的南海黑角珊瑚定年

通过高分辨低本底的α能谱检测技术对采自南海西沙群岛(JYI-1、JYI-2)和鹿回头半岛(LHT)三株黑角珊瑚骨骼中的210Pb进行了测定,利用过剩210Pb比活度在珊瑚横截面的径向分布规律,对黑角珊瑚进行年代学研究。结果表明,210Pb在珊瑚骨骼中的比活度随径向呈指数衰减,各样品中210 Pb的比活度范围分别为10.28~73.41mBq/g(JYI-1),1.50~4.72mBq/g(JYI-2)和5.35~12.67mBq/g(LHT)。这些黑角珊瑚物种都表现出了生长缓慢、生长周期长的特性。它们持续生长了约185~267a,年生长率介于17.8~26.5μm/a。而且,年生长率在不同种属、不同区域的样品间有明显区别,生长速率的顺序为:西沙(JYI-2)西沙(JYI-1)鹿回头(LHT)。放射性核素210Pb对南海黑角珊瑚定年结果与生长环计数的定年结果基本一致。这种黑角珊瑚定年方法可以为其在百年尺度上研究气候环境的演变和重建提供基础数据。     

Analytical and sampling constraints in ²¹⁰Pb dating

²¹⁰Pb dating provides a valuable, widely used means of establishing recent chronologies for sediments and other accumulating natural deposits. The Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model is the most versatile and widely used method for establishing ²¹⁰Pb chronologies but, when using this model, care must be taken to account for limitations imposed by sampling and analytical factors. In particular, incompatibility of finite values for empirical data, which are constrained by detection limit and core length, with terms in the age calculation, which represent integrations to infinity, can generate erroneously old ages for deeper sections of cores. The bias in calculated ages increases with poorer limit of detection and the magnitude of the disparity increases with age. The origin and magnitude of this effect are considered below, firstly for an idealised, theoretical ²¹⁰Pb profile and secondly for a freshwater lake sediment core. A brief consideration is presented of the implications of this potential artefact for sampling and analysis.     

高精度^14C测年技术

我年＾１４Ｃ实验室成功地建成了有机碳样品化学组分分离装置，小样品（小于１ｇ碳）制作和测量系统，加速器质谱计测年制样（小于１０ｍｇ碳）系统，连同原有常规法（大于１ｇ碳）测年，构成了不同碳量的＾１４Ｃ测年方法序列，结束了因样品量不足而测不同准确年龄的历史，在提高＾１４Ｃ测度精度和扩大其适合范围方面向前跨进一步     

ESR法测牙珐琅化石年龄中累积剂量测量的初步研究

研究了牙珐琅化石的ＥＳＲ信号对辐射剂量的响应关系，讨论了用指数函数拟合定牙珐琅累积剂量ＡＤ的适用范围和所产生的系统误差的大小，并以郧县古人类遗址牙珐琅样品为实例检验了上述研究结果。     

Effects of mindset on the predictive validity of relationship constructs.

The authors investigated the effects of deliberative versus implemental mindsets on the predictive validity of relationship constructs. Dating students anticipating the transition from university to work deliberated about increasing their commitment or thought about how to maintain their relationships after graduation. As hypothesized, this mindset manipulation interacted with subsequent ratings of relationship closeness and perceived partner commitment to predict relationship status six months later. Ratings made by those in a deliberative mindset were more strongly associated with relationship survival than were similar ratings made by those in an implemental mindset. Deliberatives' relationship appraisals were only positive if their relationships were on a successful trajectory whereas implementals' relationship appraisals were positive whether their relationships were on course for success or dissolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Similarity, convergence, and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples.

The current work investigates how personality and interpersonal processes combine to predict change in relationship quality. Measures of personality and emotion similarity were collected during laboratory interactions from a cross-sectional sample of dating couples (Study 1) and a 1-year longitudinal study of newlywed married couples (Study 2). Results showed that emotion similarity mediated the association between personality similarity and relationship quality (Studies 1 and 2) and that emotion convergence mediated the association between personality convergence and relationship satisfaction (Study 2). These results indicate that similarity and convergence in personality may benefit relationships by promoting similarity and convergence in partners' shared emotional experiences. Findings also lend support to models that integrate partners' enduring traits and couples' adaptive processes as antecedents of relationship outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THERMOLUMINESCENT AUTHENTICATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE POTTERY

A rapid and effective TL technique to authenticate ancient Chinese pottery is proposed in the paper.Twenty three samples,ranging in age from 200to 9000a,including multiple styles and shapes and drawn from diverse and remote areas in China have been used to establish the typical annual dose as 5.5mGy/a and its associated deviation.Ten unauthenticated samples are then appraised using the technique which,in nearly all cases,leads to satisfactory results.     

History of Lake Ontario Contamination from the Niagara River by Sediment Radiodating and Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Analysis

Contamination of Lake Ontario by persistent organic compounds began with the development of the chemical industry along the Niagara River. These compounds are discharged to the river where they are scavenged from the water column by sedimenting particulates which in turn settle out in depositional areas of Lake Ontario. We have determined ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, and chlorinated hydrocarbon profiles of sediment cores taken about 3 km from the mouth of the Niagara River. Age profiles of the sediments were constructed from the radionuclide measurements and used to determine historic trends of chlorinated hydrocarbon input to Lake Ontario. The historical record found in the sediments for chlorobenzenes, chlorotoluenes, hexachlorobutadiene, octachlorostyrene, mirex, and PCBs is in good agreement with known production and usage patterns of the chemicals. Pollution of Lake Ontario with chlorinated hydrocarbons from the Niagara River is still occurring, but the worst contamination of the lake occurred in the 1960s.     

Historical Records of Metal Pollution in Sediments of Toronto and Hamilton Harbours

The sediments of Hamilton and Toronto Harbours contain some of the oldest records of metal pollution in the Great Lakes basin. The fluxes of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn into the two harbours have been estimated from the analyses of core samples dated by the Pb-210 technique. The contrasting metal levels in the two harbour sediments are viewed in relation to the differences in the disposal strategies of the dredged spoils and the sources of metal pollution in the harbours. The Zn and Fe concentrations of 5 to 8 mg g^?1 and 10 to 13 % dry wt. in Hamilton Harbour sediments, which are among the highest recorded in any harbour, can be related to effluent discharges from the large local iron and steel plants. An inventory of the sources and sinks of pollutant metals in Hamilton Bay shows a substantive export of the metals to Lake Ontario.