Socioeconomic status, schooling, and the developmental trajectories of adolescents.

The socioeconomic stratification of American society profoundly influences how the life course unfolds by shaping various developmental pathways as well as the connections among these pathways. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of American adolescents, this study charted trajectories of personal control and parental consultation from middle school to the end of high school and then examined how various combinations of these trajectories were associated with math/science course taking in high school across socioeconomic strata. Results indicated that low and/or decreasing levels of personal control were associated with the accumulation of fewer math/science credits, as were declining levels of parental consultation no matter what the initial level. Mismatches between control and consultation trajectories (e.g., high, stable control with low, stable consultation) were also associated with fewer math/science credits. These patterns tended to be less predictive of math/science credit accumulation at the highest and lowest ends of the socioeconomic spectrum. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Kindergarten children's emotion competence as a predictor of their academic competence in first grade.

This study examined the relation between emotion competence and academic competence and three potential mediators of this relation. In kindergarten, 193 children from elementary schools serving urban, minority, and low income students participated in an emotion competence assessment, and 142 of these children completed a follow-up assessment in first grade. The relation between teacher ratings of emotion regulation and academic competence was primarily indirect through the effect of emotion regulation on teacher ratings of attention. Peer acceptance and teacher closeness did not mediate the relations between emotion competence and academic competence. Results highlight the potential benefits of early emotion-centered prevention programs and the need to identify children with attention problems as early as possible to prevent academic difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A question of belonging: Race, social fit, and achievement.

Stigmatization can give rise to belonging uncertainty. In this state, people are sensitive to information diagnostic of the quality of their social connections. Two experiments tested how belonging uncertainty undermines the motivation and achievement of people whose group is negatively characterized in academic settings. In Experiment 1, students were led to believe that they might have few friends in an intellectual domain. Whereas White students were unaffected, Black students (stigmatized in academics) displayed a drop in their sense of belonging and potential. In Experiment 2, an intervention that mitigated doubts about social belonging in college raised the academic achievement (e.g., college grades) of Black students but not of White students. Implications for theories of achievement motivation and intervention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

学术职业的现代性发展与道德规范

大学教师担当着社会的道德规范和生活方式建构与阐释的使命,引导着人的意义与社会理想的发展。大学教师不仅追求学术目标,还肩负道德进步和社会发展的责任。但学术职业的现代性发展导致了学术自治被放逐和学术道德的失落。本文对学术职业的现代性困境作了探讨,认为学术道德是学术职业发展的前提。     

2007全国现代逻辑学术研讨会综述

报道了“2007全国现代逻辑学术研讨会”的基本情况，介绍了北京大学刘壮虎教授、南京大学张建军教授、清华大学王路教授、上海社会科学院朱水林研究员、北京大学叶峰副教授、燕山大学张忠义教授和张家龙教授、北京大学周北海教授、新加坡国立大学杨跃教授等等在会上所作的报告或发言的主要观点。     

新建本科院校学院制管理模式探析

新建本科院校在快速发展的过程中,随着规模扩大和学科重组,其内部管理体制面临变革。目前,新建本科院校普遍推行了学院制管理模式,但在理论和实践上都表现出许多不足,因此,非常有必要对新建本科院校的内部管理体制改革现状进行分析,探讨和研究学院制改革的基本原则和构建模式,以适应新建本科院校规模发展和学科建设的需要。     

基于论文共同作者学术关系的学者推荐系统

为使用户能够准确、高效地查找出关联的科研人员、学科知识及研究领域等相关信息,提出一种基于论文共同作者学术关系的推荐系统。该推荐系统应用科研人员所著论文的关键词对科研人员进行建模,突出科研人员与研究领域之间的关联,通过论文共同作者等学术关系计算科研人员之间的相似度以进行推荐。实验结果证明,与未应用学术关系的普通方法相比,该推荐系统的精准度能提高5%左右。     

DRYING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

This paper provides general information on drying R 6D activities in Czechoslovakia. This survey report lists the main topics in drying according to individual industrial sectors in which drying plays an important role. Drying R 6D carried out in Czechoslovak Universities is also cited. The paper includes an extensive list of references, mainly proceedings of national drying conferences, symposia, and meetings     

Academics perception towards various water reuse options: University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro - UTAD Campus (Portugal) as a case study

Any strategy of water reuse has to achieve social acceptance to be successful. This paper presents the results of a multiple choice survey that attempted to establish the general attitude toward water reuse by asking academics in UTAD (Portugal) a wide range of questions. The survey included 20 reuse options, which were clustered into three reuse categories, specifically: low, medium and high contact levels. Correlation analysis between the level of support of low, medium and high contact options and demographic characteristics, personal and environmental beliefs was performed.

Results show that a high proportion of the participants supported low and medium contact reuse options. Correlation was found to exist between the income classes and to the level of support of medium and high reuse options and between education level and the support for high contact reuse options.

The responses to the survey suggested that some beliefs influence the level of support.     

为学术界及工业界共同努力——对工程教育改革的一些建言

本文为卢博士于 1 994年所发表的论文——“Working for the Library and theFactory”的重点摘铢意译。原英文版详细报告了卢博士于 1 993年在德国 Fraunhofer系统内担任客座教授时 ,对德国工程教育的亲身观察及经验。文中将当地“产学结合”的教学系统与美国现有的应用科学及工程教育作出详细的比较。透过分析两者之优劣 ,卢博士提出了一些现代工程教育改革的建议 ,作为美国学术界的参考。此文曾在美国引起极大的反响 ,美国国家科学基金会于 1 995年举办了一次特别的研讨会 ,邀请多位大学校长及工程学院院长共同讨论此文的建议。文中所述虽多为欧美的资料 ,但与中国工程教育之现况却有颇多不谋而合之处。因此 ,谨以此文提交予中国工程教育界之前辈 ,作为中国工程教育改革的历史起点及风气之先河。