铝酸钠溶液中晶体附聚机理研究

本文研究了铝酸钠溶液中晶体的附聚机理。认为晶体的附聚过程为：晶体中粒度相对最小且粒度相近的粒子发生附聚，形成略大些颗粒，略大一些颗粒且粒度相近的粒子又发生附聚，这样依次实现的过程，直到溶液过饱和度不能满足对应粒级粒度粒子发生附聚的要求为止。     

用一水硬铝石矿的拜耳法溶出液生产砂状氧化铝

本文介绍了对某厂处理一水硬铝石矿的拜耳法高浓度溶出液，经引进、消化，设计了一段分解生产砂状氧化铝新工艺。通过对该工艺技术条件的分析研讨，总结其生产实践，认为一段分解工艺具有流程简短平稳、易于操作控制、分解出的氧化铝产出率高、产品为100％砂状、能满足电解制铝要求等优点。具有较好的工业生产实用价值。     

Study on spinel-based inert anode for aluminium electrolysis

1 IntroductionSince the Hall-Heroult process was applied in aluminium production,an inert anode was al ways thetarget that the aluminiumindustry is seeking for in the newtechnology field. The greenhouse gases CO2and the fluoride CFnemittedfromthe present carbon anodes ,give a huge pressure onthe environment .Theapplication of inert anodes will help us go through this trouble :a cell with inert anodes emits oxygen in-stead of CO2and other nocuous gases ;the newtype of cell with inert anodes …     

硼酸喷雾包覆改性镍钴铝酸锂的制备及其电化学性能研究

针对镍钴铝酸锂（NCA）三元正极材料普遍存在的循环寿命差、浆料容易凝胶等缺点进行了硼酸喷雾包覆的改性。采用X 射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）及电化学测试等方法对硼酸包覆改性前后的材料性能进行了对比表征和分析。结果表明：喷雾包覆后可以在NCA正极材料表面形成一层保护层,改性后的NCA三元正极材料循环寿命有明显提升,特别是高温（45 ℃）1C/1C倍率下循环50次容量保持率由改性前的88.0%提升至改性后的95.2%,提升近7%;硼酸包覆可以改善NCA表面特性,使正极浆料稳定性大大提高。改性后的NCA正极浆料可以稳定放置168 h（7 d）,解决了NCA正极材料容易凝胶的问题。     

含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸钙水泥中物相分布状态对流变特性的影响

合成了3种不同配比含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸钙水泥(CAM)。借助X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的水泥试样进行了物相组成和显微结构分析,使用电导率仪、维卡仪和流变仪测定了CAM水泥净浆的水化和流变特性。结果表明:当水泥中镁铝尖晶石(MgAl2O4,MA)分布在一铝酸钙(CaAl2O4,CA)周围时,MA阻碍了CA与水的接触,水泥水化较难进行,水泥砂浆凝结时间较长,水泥净浆的屈服应力、表观黏度和触变性较小,储能模量G’增长速率也较小。MA和CA交错分布时,CA晶粒外形不规整,与水接触面积较大,水泥水化较易进行,水泥砂浆凝结时间较短,水泥净浆的屈服应力、表观黏度和触变性较大,储能模量G’增长速率也较大。而当MA分布于CA晶粒之间时,CA晶粒发育完整,水泥溶解过程较慢,水泥凝结时间和流变参数都处于中间值。     

Preparation of near net size porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics by gelcasting-pore-forming agent processs

In the processing of porous ceramics, shrinkage from green body to sintered compact during drying and sintering is one of the key concerns which affect microstructure and properties of porous ceramics. Through releasing gases from the burning of the pore forming agents, and volume expansion from the formation of low density resultants during sintering, the sintering shrinkage can be effectively compensated and near net size preparation can be achieved. Herein, near net size porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics with controllable shrinkage have been prepared using a combination of gelcasting and pore-forming agent process by adjusting the amount of CaCO₃ and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres added. Al₂O₃ and CaCO₃ were used as raw materials, PMMA microspheres were used as pore-forming agent, isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer (Isobam104) was used as gelling agent and dispersing agent. The effects of the addition amounts of CaCO₃ and PMMA in the slurry on the phase composition, shrinkage, porosity, and strength of porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics were investigated. The results show that as the CaCO₃ addition amount increases from 0 to 20 wt%, the shrinkage of the samples gradually decreases from 7.3% to −1.4%, and the consequent porosity increases from 58% to 66%, while the compressive strength increases from 5.9 to 15.5 MPa. When PMMA content increases from 10 to 50 wt%, the shrinkage of the samples decreases first and then increases, the porosity increases from 51% to 74%, and the compressive strength decreases from 12.5 to 5.3 MPa. The mechanisms for controlling shrinkages during preparation of porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics can be attributed to the following aspects: on one hand, gas release from burning of PMMA and decomposition of CaCO₃ during sintering; on the other hand, volume expansion due to the formation of lower density calcium aluminates which come from the reactions between CaO and Al₂O₃. The near net size preparation technique is of great significance for the manufacture of porous ceramics since the subsequent machining cost can be effectively reduced.     

Fe2O3对硫铁铝酸钡钙矿物电学性能的影响

以分析纯化学试剂为原料合成了硫铁铝酸钡钙系列单矿物,研究了该矿物水化1 d,7d和28d水化样品的电阻率、阻抗、相对介电常数、介电损耗等电学性能.结果表明:随着Fe2O3含量的增加,样品的电阻率、阻抗先减小,后增大:相对介电常数则呈相反的趋势;介电损耗在水化早期变化无规律,水化后期高频区介电损耗是先增大,后减小.     

Microstructural evolution and relevant mechanical properties of Al-rich transparent magnesium aluminate ceramics

A novel phenomenon is found that the grain growth of aluminum-rich magnesium aluminate is suppressed to 5 μm, despite of high-temperature hot-isostatic-press at 1750 °C. For the transparent MgO-nAl₂O₃ (n = 1.2, 1.5, 2.0), the transmittance and strength tended to be enhanced with increasing Al₂O₃ content, having the highest values 80 % at 550 nm and 214.3 MPa for n = 2.0. This is due to the different microstructural evolution depending on the composition. When the excessive Al₂O₃ was small, the inhomogeneous microstructure with bimodal grain size and lots of rod-shaped particles were observed. However, as the Al₂O₃ amount increased, the microstructure became homogeneous with reducing the grain size and the rod-shaped particles. The microstructural and compositional analysis revealed that the rod-shaped particle were generated due to the trace potassium impurity as well as the different cationic diffusion rate, and the suppression of grain growth was induced by the severe Al segregation at the grain-boundaries.     

低水泥浇注料中纯铝酸钙水泥和SiO_2微粉的“老化”试验

为了探讨纯铝酸钙水泥结合的低水泥浇注料"老化"的原因和影响因素,将SiO2微粉以及不同粒度、不同物相组成(CA相含量)、不同新鲜程度的纯铝酸钙水泥在温度为(20±1)℃、相对湿度>75%的潮湿环境中摊成厚度为2.5 cm左右的料层,放置一定时间(分别为0、3、7、14、28 d)使其老化,然后分别将它们与特级矾土(≤5、≤0.088 mm)、磷酸盐分散剂和减水剂等其他原料一起配制成浇注料,通过测定浇注料的可工作时间、初始流动性和早期(6 h)养护强度,来表征这些原料的老化速度.结果表明:(1)纯铝酸钙水泥的cA含量和细度越高,其老化速度越快.(2)"新鲜"的铝酸盐水泥比存放一段时间后的水泥的老化速度更快.(3)SiO2微粉的老化会导致浇注料的流动性变差,可工作时间变短.     

自组装法合成介孔铝酸锌尖晶石陶瓷纳米粉

采用硝酸铝和硝酸锌为无机原料,以嵌段聚合物P123为表面活性剂,自组装法合成了介孔结构的铝酸锌尖晶石纳米粉体。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜、氮气吸附-脱附比表面测定仪对铝酸锌样品进行表征,样品为单一尖晶石相,而且具有介孔结构,500℃焙烧的铝酸锌样品比表面积最大,比表面积为98.4m2·g-1。