大庆油田套损井打通道加固技术

介绍了大庆油田近几年在套损井打通道加固技术方面取得的技术进步，在磨铣打通道技术上主要对钻铣工具的结构进行了优化设计及合理及合金刀块的优选组合，提高了磨铣效率，缩短了施工周期；在爆炸打通道技术中设计了安全隔爆装置，提高了施工的安全性，使爆炸扩径技术得到完善；Φ106mm密封加固技术的研制成功，取代了Φ100mm密封加固技术，为套损井修复后的完井工艺提供有效的技术支持，提出了大庆油田目前在套损井打通道加固方面存在的难题，结合国外在套损井打通道加固方面技术的新发展，对现有技术的局限性进行了分析，提出了今后技术攻关的方向。     

Suggestions for the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of thin sections of frozen-dried and embedded biological tissues

When a microregion in a thin section of frozen-dried and embedded tissue is analysed by the conventional electron-probe X-ray continuum-normalization method, the measured quantity is in mmol of element per kg of embedded specimen. As each microregion contains an unknown amount of embedding medium, this quantity generally lies indeterminately somewhere within the wide range between mmol of element per kg of hydrated tissue and mmol of element per kg of dehydrated tissue. However, if a ‘tag’ element is incorporated in the embedding medium, the contribution of the medium to the local continuum count in each probed field should be measurable, and the X-ray data may then unambiguously yield mmol of element per kg of dehydrated tissue. This result should not be affected by shrinkage on freeze-drying or by incomplete replacement of water by embedding medium. The same X-ray data can additionally provide estimates of mmol of element per unit volume, mmol of element per kg of hydrated tissue and local dry-mass fraction. However, these estimates are subject to errors due to tissue shrinkage, incomplete replacement of water and beam damage.     

公斤工作基准稳定性误差的统计与分析

本文对力学室一等质量实验室的26、27、32三个公斤工作基准砝码的稳定性误差分别作了分析。经过对历年的检定记录和中间核查的分析汇总，得出各个公斤工作基准的稳定性误差，采用多个砝码多次全组合测量，利用最小二乘法计算出这三个公斤工作基准砝码之间的质量差值，找出它们的稳定性误差的变化趋势。     

A One-Dimensional Nonlocal Damage-Plasticity Model for Ductile Materials

This paper presents a new 1-D non-local damage-plasticity deformation model for ductile materials. It uses the thermodynamic framework described in Houlsby and Puzrin (2000) and holds, nevertheless, some similarities with Lemaitre’s (1971) approach. A 1D finite element (FE) model of a bar fixed at one end and loaded in tension at the other end is introduced. This simple model demonstrates how the approach can be implemented within the finite element framework, and that it is capable of capturing both the pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening (generally responsible for models instability) due to damage-induced stiffness and strength reduction characteristic of ductile materials. It is also shown that the approach has further advantages of achieving some degree of mesh independence, and of being able to capture deformation size effects. Finally, it is illustrated how the model permits the calculation of essential work of rupture (EWR), i.e. the specific energy per unit cross-sectional area that is needed to cause tensile failure of a specimen.     

黄河下游河道萎缩致灾机理探讨

本文基于水力学原理，结合实体模型试验及原型实测资料分析，探讨了黄河下游河道萎缩的概念、致灾效应和致灾机理。分析表明，河道萎缩是造床过程中河道排洪输沙功能衰退的一种演变现象，其致灾效应是使洪水涨率增大，同流量下洪水水位不断抬升。致灾的现象主要表现在畸型河势增加、工程险情增多、直接造成工程损失及滩区经济损失等。试验研究揭示，主河槽宽度缩窄造成洪水水位涨幅增大，河底平均高程抬升和过水断面面积减小造成洪水水位起涨的基准面抬升是河道萎缩致灾的主要原因。河道萎缩致灾效应的大小与萎缩模式有关，其中以“集中淤槽”模式所形成的致灾效应尤为明显。     

新型低伤害压裂液的研究与应用

针对安棚油田特低孔特低渗、储层温度高、微裂缝发育等地质特征 ,通过室内实验 ,研制出具有耐高温、低伤害、延迟交联等特点的新型压裂液体系 ,并进行了 2 0多井次的现场试验。结果表明 ,该压裂液具有很好的适应性 ,完全可满足安棚油田特低孔特低渗储层压裂改造的要求     

离子束辅助沉积制备高功率激光薄膜的研究

综述了离子束辅助沉积技术在高功率激光薄膜制备中的应用研究进展.指出该技术在制备高激光损伤阈值的薄膜中存在的问题,即出现过高的堆积密度,会给薄膜带来杂质缺陷、化学计量比缺陷、损伤缺陷、晶界缺陷,制备薄膜的残余应力存在着压应力增加的趋势,会改变薄膜的晶体结构等.并指出了该研究领域的研究方向.     

Response of Vietnam coastal upwelling to the 1997-1998 ENSO event observed by multisensor data

In this paper, we examine the behavior of the Vietnam coastal upwelling during the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. The baseline is 4 years of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data taken from 1997 to 2000. Comparison of upwelling images to simultaneous ERS-2 (European Remote Sensing Satellite) wind fields indicates that the summer monsoon winds constitute a major generation forcing. During the 1997 El Niño, the monsoon winds enhanced the upwelling and induced the upwelling center to move southward. During the 1998 La Niña, the monsoon winds weakened the upwelling. In contrast with the tropical Pacific, in the study area, La Niña implies a warm event and El Niño a cold event. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) methods to analyze the spatial and temporal variance of the upwelling. The three principal modes account for 37%, 15%, and 8% of the total variance, respectively. The first EOF modes reveal that the SST variance in the north and south subregions underwent a positive-negative sign switch in summer 1997. The second EOF modes represent the monthly evolution in normal years. The third modes seem to be sensitive to the 1998 La Niña event. Simultaneous TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-2 altimeter data provide further evidence for our analysis. Comparison with California coastal upwelling and mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) coastal upwelling indicates that the Vietnam coastal upwelling is the most intensive one.     

降低气体悬浮焙烧炉焙烧过程中Al_2O_3粒度破损的措施

为了降低气体悬浮焙烧炉焙烧过程中Al_2O_3粒度的破损,对气体悬浮焙烧炉焙烧过程中氧化铝粒度的影响因素进行了分析,提出了降低粒度破损的一些措施。