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991.
Sub‐Micron Anisotropic InP‐based III–V Semiconductor Material Deep Etching for On‐Chip Laser Photonics Devices
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Doris Keh‐Ting Ng Chee Wei Lee Vivek Krishnamurthy Qian Wang 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(2)
992.
Karen M. Feigh Matthew J. Miller Raunak P. Bhattacharyya Minyue Ma Samantha Krening Yosef Razin 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2018,19(4):389-405
Human factors practitioners (HFPs) play many different roles in the design, creation, operation and maintenance of engineered systems. Less well known are the methods which are aimed at helping with the early stages of design, which are more systems-oriented and often involve questions of the concept of operation in which the engineered system will be fielded. Emerging from the field of cognitive engineering, these methods, including simulation, cognitive work analysis, cognitive task analyses and hierarchical task analysis, will be important as autonomous systems become increasingly capable. Even the most capable systems will continue to interact with humans, and it is at these interfaces between humans and engineered systems that HFP will continue to be needed. This paper describes recent work to leverage these methods to inform concepts of operation in aviation and space, machine learning algorithms and goal-oriented human–machine collaboration. 相似文献
993.
Spatial Micropatterning of Growth Factors in 3D Hydrogels for Location‐Specific Regulation of Cellular Behaviors
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Growth factors are potent stimuli for regulating cell function in tissue engineering strategies, but spatially patterning their presentation in 3D in a facile manner using a single material is challenging. Micropatterning is an attractive tool to modulate the cellular microenvironment with various biochemical and physical cues and study their effects on stem cell behaviors. Implementing heparin's ability to immobilize growth factors, dual‐crosslinkable alginate hydrogels are micropatterned in 3D with photocrosslinkable heparin substrates with various geometries and micropattern sizes, and their capability to establish 3D micropatterns of growth factors within the hydrogels is confirmed. This 3D micropatterning method could be applied to various heparin binding growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor‐betas and bone morphogenetic proteins while retaining the hydrogel's natural degradability and cytocompability. Stem cells encapsulated within these micropatterned hydrogels have exhibited spatially localized growth and differentiation responses corresponding to various growth factor patterns, demonstrating the versatility of the approach in controlling stem cell behavior for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 相似文献
994.
Retracted: Dual Effects of Nanostructuring and Oxygen Vacancy on Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of Superstructured and Defective Hematite Nanorods
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Lei Wang Kyle Marcus Xiaojuan Huang Zhiqiang Shen Yang Yang Yingpu Bi 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(14)
An Ar atmospheric treatment is rationally used to etch and activate hematite nanoflakes (NFs) as photoanodes toward enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The formation of a highly ordered hematite nanorods (NRs) array containing a high density of oxygen vacancy is successfully prepared through in situ reduction of NFs in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, a hematite (104) plane and an iron suboxide layer at the absorber/back‐contact interface are formed. The material defects produced by a thermal oxidation method can be critical for the morphology transformation from 2D NFs to 1D NRs. The resulting hematite NR photoanodes show high efficiency toward solar water splitting with improved light harvesting capabilities, leading to an enhanced photoresponse due to the artificially formed oxygen vacancies. 相似文献
995.
Imparting Designer Biorecognition Functionality to Metal–Organic Frameworks by a DNA‐Mediated Surface Engineering Strategy
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Weiyu Ning Zhenghan Di Yingjie Yu Pingmei Zeng Chunzhi Di Daquan Chen Xueqian Kong Guangjun Nie Yuliang Zhao Lele Li 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(11)
Surface functionality is an essential component for processing and application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). A simple and cost‐effective strategy for DNA‐mediated surface engineering of zirconium‐based nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs) is presented, capable of endowing them with specific molecular recognition properties and thus expanding their potential for applications in nanotechnology and biotechnology. It is shown that efficient immobilization of functional DNA on NMOFs can be achieved via surface coordination chemistry. With this strategy, it is demonstrated that such porphyrin‐based NMOFs can be modified with a DNA aptamer for targeting specific cancer cells. Furthermore, the DNA–NMOFs can facilitate the delivery of therapeutic DNA (e.g., CpG) into cells for efficient recognition of endosomal Toll‐like receptor 9 and subsequent enhanced immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. No apparent toxicity is observed with systemic delivery of the DNA–NMOFs in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that the strategy allows for surface functionalization of MOFs with different functional DNAs, extending the use of these materials to diverse applications in biosensor, bioimaging, and nanomedicine. 相似文献
996.
Simplified Perovskite Solar Cell with 4.1% Efficiency Employing Inorganic CsPbBr3 as Light Absorber
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Jialong Duan Yuanyuan Zhao Benlin He Qunwei Tang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(20)
Perovskite solar cells with cost‐effectiveness, high power conversion efficiency, and improved stability are promising solutions to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, a wide‐bandgap inorganic–semiconductor electron‐transporting layer such as TiO2 can harvest ultraviolet light to photodegrade perovskite halides, and the high cost of a state‐of‐the‐art hole‐transporting layer is an economic burden for commercialization. Here, the building of a simplified cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite solar cell with fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/CsPbBr3/carbon architecture by a multistep solution‐processed deposition technology is demonstrated, achieving an efficiency as high as 4.1% and improved stability upon interfacial modification by graphene quantum dots and CsPbBrI2 quantum dots. This work provides new opportunities of building next‐generation solar cells with significantly simplified processes and reduced production costs. 相似文献
997.
Dual Effects of Nanostructuring and Oxygen Vacancy on Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of Superstructured and Defective Hematite Nanorods
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![点击此处可从《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lei Wang Kyle Marcus Xiaojuan Huang Zhiqiang Shen Yang Yang Yingpu Bi 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(14)
An Ar atmospheric treatment is rationally used to etch and activate hematite nanoflakes (NFs) as photoanodes toward enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The formation of a highly ordered hematite nanorods (NRs) array containing a high density of oxygen vacancy is successfully prepared through in situ reduction of NFs in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, a hematite (104) plane and an iron suboxide layer at the absorber/back‐contact interface are formed. The material defects produced by a thermal oxidation method can be critical for the morphology transformation from 2D NFs to 1D NRs. The resulting hematite NR photoanodes show high efficiency toward solar water splitting with improved light harvesting capabilities, leading to an enhanced photoresponse due to the artificially formed oxygen vacancies. 相似文献
998.
Nanoconfined Nickel@Carbon Core–Shell Cocatalyst Promoting Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic H2 Production
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Ke Zhang Jingrun Ran Bicheng Zhu Huanxin Ju Jiaguo Yu Li Song Shi‐Zhang Qiao 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(38)
The realization of large‐scale solar hydrogen (H2) production relies on the development of high‐performance and low‐cost photocatalysts driven by sunlight. Recently, cocatalysts have demonstrated immense potential in enhancing the activity and stability of photocatalysts. Hence, the rational design of highly active and inexpensive cocatalysts is of great significance. Here, a facile method is reported to synthesize Ni@C core–shell nanoparticles as a highly active cocatalyst. After merging Ni@C cocatalyst with CdS nanorod (NR), a tremendously enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic H2‐production performance of 76.1 mmol g?1 h?1 is achieved, accompanied with an outstanding quantum efficiency of 31.2% at 420 nm. The state‐of‐art characterizations (e.g., synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near edge structure) and theoretical calculations strongly support the presence of pronounced nanoconfinement effect in Ni@C core–shell nanoparticles, which leads to controlled Ni core size, intimate interfacial contact and rapid charge transfer, optimized electronic structure, and protection against chemical corrosion. Hence, the combination of nanoconfined Ni@C with CdS nanorod leads to significantly improved photocatalytic activity and stability. This work not only for the first time demonstrates the great potential of using highly active and inexpensive Ni@C core–shell structure to replace expensive Pt in photocatalysis but also opens new avenues for synthesizing cocatalyst/photocatalyst hybridized systems with excellent performance by introducing nanoconfinement effect. 相似文献
999.
1000.
研究Chetaev型非完整系统Nielsen方程Lie对称性导致的一种守恒量,给出无限小群变换下Chetaev型非完整系统Nielsen方程Lie对称性的确定方程,得到Chetaev型非完整系统Nielsen方程Lie对称性直接导致的一种守恒量及其存在条件,并举例说明结果应用. 相似文献