在役钢筋混凝土结构基于可靠性的疲劳寿命分析

本文以结构的极限疲劳循环次数作为随机变量,基于可靠性理论提出了在役结构疲劳剩余寿命的预测方法,分析了多种工况下结构在未来服役期内的疲劳可靠性和疲劳剩余寿命。算例表明,通过对在役结构疲劳寿命及可靠性的分析,不仅可以预测在目标可靠度下的疲劳寿命,而且可以根据需要确定合适的交变荷载的频率、服役时间以及相应的疲劳可靠指标,从而为结构的合理利用起指导性作用。     

针梁台车在大花水水电站引水隧洞混凝土衬砌施工中的改进

大花水水电站引水隧洞由于前期开挖工期略有滞后，为加快施工进度，结合全圆断面的施工特点，大部分引水隧洞采用了全圆针梁穿行式钢模台车进行混凝土衬砌。通过各参建单位对针梁台车的运用和改进，有效地提高了引水隧洞混凝土的衬砌速度，并确保了工程质量。     

光纤陀螺系统在水布垭工程中的应用

针对堆石体沉降和面板挠度的传统监测仪器对高面板堆石坝监测的局限性,提出了高面板堆石坝监测仪器革新的迫切需要,通过介绍光纤陀螺系统的监测原理和在水布垭工程的实践结果,说明了光纤陀螺监测系统在高面板堆石坝应用的可行性,为面板堆石坝堆石体沉降和面板挠度监测开拓了新的思路。     

洛阳热电厂主厂房地基处理方案的论证

通过对洛阳热电厂拟选择的地基处理方案进行比较,并结合该电厂施工实例论证了φ800/1600扩底钢筋混凝土灌注桩是最适于该电厂及相似地区的地基处理方式。     

曹娥江大闸闸墩混凝土高温季节温控措施

曹娥江大闸是国内最大的河口大闸,其中闸墩施工在夏季高温季节进行.较全面地阐述了混凝土原材料取料温度值的选取及控制措施,已浇筑混凝土内外温差及降温速率的控制措施等.根据闸墩的结构及边界条件,为了控制温度应力防止裂缝的产生,在施工过程中采取了骨料预冷、冷水拌和、掺冰屑拌和、仓面遮阳、内部通冷却水及外侧保温等综合温控措施,确保了闸墩混凝土的施工质量.     

三峡水电站坝后钢衬钢筋混凝土压力背管的非线性有限元分析

采用钢筋混凝土非线性有限元方法，对三峡水电站钢衬钢筋混凝压力管道结构进行了计算，求得了各种钢材配置下的荷载效应并进行了相应的分析。     

软基上超长闸底板的防裂问题研究

通过北京市北运河拦河闸土基上超长闸底板大体积混凝土的温度应力仿真计算，论证了各种温度荷载（气温年变化、气温日变化、寒潮）以及水化热、自生体积变形、干缩等几种因素对混凝土内部应力的影响，并且在此基础上掺加ZY膨胀剂，计算ZY膨胀剂带来的应力补偿作用。结果表明：寒潮和干缩是带来混凝土表面裂缝的主要因素，如果不加强养护和保湿，表面裂缝很可能向内部扩展；掺加ZY膨胀剂可以有效降低混凝土中的拉应力，对防裂有利，是实现大体积混凝土超长无缝施工的有效措施。     

水布垭水电站尾水隧洞钢模台车比选优化应用

简要介绍了水布垭水电站钢模台车的引进、安装、运行、拆卸的整个施工过程,作为一项较先进的施工技术,钢模台车的使用,为边顶拱浇筑混凝土提供了优质高效的施工手段,保证了尾水隧洞衬砌混凝土施工的质量和进度。     

三点弯曲下的钢纤维高强混凝土断裂能

通过100个尺寸为100mm×100mm×515mm的不同体积率的钢纤维高强混凝土切口梁三点弯曲试验,探讨了钢纤维体积率和裂缝相对切口深度对高强混凝土断裂能和作用力功的影响。结果表明,钢纤维改善了高强混凝土的断裂性能与延性。钢纤维高强混凝土断裂能增益比、作用力功增益比以及延性指数随着钢纤维体积率的增加而线性增加,随着切口深度的增加而降低;外力功对断裂能的大小起较大作用。在分析试验结果的基础上,建立了钢纤维高强混凝土作用力功和断裂能的计算公式。     

Effect of specimen size and loading conditions on spalling of concrete

Different qualities of concrete have been fire tested using different geometries of the specimens as well as different load levels and load configurations. The main objective with the study was to examine a test methodology consisting of a full‐scale test and different small scale‐tests for determining the probability of spalling and the amount of spalling of fire exposed concrete structures. A reference specimen was defined as a one‐sided fire exposed slab with the dimensions 1800 × 1200 mm² giving an exposed area of 1500 × 1200 mm². A number of concrete qualities with different probabilities for spalling, were tested using the reference specimen. These tests showed that the reference specimens worked well giving the expected test results. Small specimens were manufactured in different shapes with the same concrete as the one used in the reference tests. These small specimens were tested either at the same time as the reference specimens in the large furnace or afterwards on a small‐scale furnace where the fire exposed surface was 450 × 360 mm². The test results clearly show the increased probability and the increased amount of spalling by using external compressive loading. The results also show that by using pre‐stress through bars or wires the load can be lost due to heating of the bars/wires which results in a decreased amount of spalling. The boundary of the specimen also affects the amount of spalling. The spalling around the edges was in all tests less than the spalling on the central parts of the exposed area. It could also be noted that the spalling did not pass completely through any of the specimens. The reason for this is probably that the water/vapour could migrate out from the unexposed surface of the specimen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.