Ethylene and Nitric Oxide Involvement in the Regulation of Fe and P Deficiency Responses in Dicotyledonous Plants

Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential elements for plant growth. Both elements are abundant in soils but with poor availability for plants, which favor their acquisition by developing morphological and physiological responses in their roots. Although the regulation of the genes related to these responses is not totally known, ethylene (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) have been involved in the activation of both Fe-related and P-related genes. The common involvement of ET and NO suggests that they must act in conjunction with other specific signals, more closely related to each deficiency. Among the specific signals involved in the regulation of Fe- or P-related genes have been proposed Fe-peptides (or Fe ion itself) and microRNAs, like miR399 (P), moving through the phloem. These Fe- or P-related phloem signals could interact with ET/NO and confer specificity to the responses to each deficiency, avoiding the induction of the specific responses when ET/NO increase due to other nutrient deficiencies or stresses. Besides the specificity conferred by these signals, ET itself could confer specificity to the responses to Fe- or P-deficiency by acting through different signaling pathways in each case. Given the above considerations, there are preliminary results suggesting that ET could regulate different nutrient responses by acting both in conjunction with other signals and through different signaling pathways. Because of the close relationship among these two elements, a better knowledge of the physiological and molecular basis of their interaction is necessary to improve their nutrition and to avoid the problems associated with their misuse. As examples of this interaction, it is known that Fe chlorosis can be induced, under certain circumstances, by a P over- fertilization. On the other hand, Fe oxides can have a role in the immobilization of P in soils. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the dynamic of known Fe- and P-related genes expression, selected ad hoc and involved in each of these deficiencies, would allow us to get a profound knowledge of the processes that regulate the responses to both deficiencies. The better knowledge of the regulation by ET of the responses to these deficiencies is necessary to properly understand the interactions between Fe and P. This will allow the obtention of more efficient varieties in the absorption of P and Fe, and the use of more rational management techniques for P and Fe fertilization. This will contribute to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the use of P and Fe fertilizers (Fe chelates) in agriculture and to adjust the costs for farmers, due to the high prices and/or scarcity of Fe and P fertilizers. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in the knowledge about Fe and P deficiency responses, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and considering the interactions among their main regulators, including some hormones (ethylene) and signaling substances (NO and GSNO) as well as other P- and Fe-related signals.     

锂电回收过程铁铝渣制备烧结砌块工艺

以废旧锂电池回收过程产生的铁铝渣为主要原料,页岩为辅料,制备铁铝渣烧结砌块,系统研究了页岩掺量、烧结保温时间和烧结温度对所制备的烧结砌块的体积密度、吸水率和抗压强度的影响,并优化得到最优的烧结条件为：页岩掺量30%、成型压力25 MPa、升温速率3 ℃/min、烧成温度950 ℃、保温时间1.0 h,烧制的烧结砌块样品体积密度为1.68 g/cm3,吸水率为18.13%,抗压强度达到21.81 MPa。XRD和SEM结果表明,生成的共熔物填充了空隙,提高了致密程度和强度。得到的产品毒性浸出结果符合《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性》（GB 5085.3—2007）的要求,使用过程无重金属污染风险。     

苯甲酸丁酯合成工艺的改进

以固体FeCl3·6H2O为催化剂催化合成苯甲酸丁酯,讨论了影响催化酯化的各种因素.其优化的反应条件为:n(苯甲酸):n(丁醇)=1:3.0、n(催化剂):n(苯甲酸)=0.04:1、反应时间为2.0 h,此时苯甲酸丁酯的产率约为90%.     

聚合硫酸铁处理制革废水

本文研究了几种常用的国产混凝剂处理制革废水的效果，得出聚合硫酸铁是一种比较经济有效的混凝剂，配合ＰＡＭ助凝剂可以取得更好的效果。工艺上采用混凝气浮，可全部去除硫化物，出水总铬≤１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ去除率可达７０％－８０％。     

Physicochemical investigation of the decomposition products of ammonium metal carboxylates: ammonium ferric citrate hydrate

The thermal decomposition up to 400 °C of ammonium ferric citrate hydrate, of unknown structure and formula weight, was studied by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The possible identities of the formula weight and the intermediate products of calcination are discussed. The results revealed that the parent material is amorphous and contains two moles of water and two moles of ammonia. Decomposition takes place via six weight-loss processes, three endothermic (90–230 °C) and three exothermic (240–298 °C), leading eventually to the formation of Fe₂O₃. The intermediate solid products are mainly unstable amorphous oxycarbonates, as indicated by X-ray and IR spectroscopies. The gas-phase decomposition products identified by IR spectroscopy are NH₃, CO₂, CO, CH₃COCH₃, CH₄ and NH₄OH. Surface area measurement and scanning electron microscopy showed that Fe₂O₃, the final product at 400 °C, hada surface area of 40 m²/g and good crystalline and porous character.     

硫酸铁改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷

在硫酸铁改性活性炭存在下，微波照射能使溶液中的甲基对硫磷迅速降解。对25、100mg／L的甲基对硫磷溶液，改性活性炭0．4g／L，微波照射3．0min，降解率达77．18％。适当提高改性活性炭加入量，同样照射时间即可达96．90％。而采用未改性活性炭甲基对硫磷降解率为93．20％。结果表明，微波照射下改性活性炭的催化活性明显高于未改性活性炭。另外，采用紫外．可见光谱和离子色谱技术探讨了微波照射时间、甲基对硫磷初始浓度和酸度、活性炭用量、改性液硫酸铁浓度和酸度对改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷的影响。     

硫铁矿烧渣制聚硅硫酸铁工艺条件探讨

以硫铁矿烧渣及水玻璃为原料制备无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁(PSFS),产品成本低,净水效果好,达到了烧渣综合利用的目的.本文研究了不同调节酸及陈化时间对活化硅酸的影响;不同Si/Fe摩尔比对净水效果的影响;同时考察了引入硼离子后对净水效果及产品稳定性的影响.确定以盐酸为调节酸、陈化时间12～14 h、Si/Fe摩尔比0.8为最佳条件.     

不同混凝剂处理高藻水效果对比研究

针对北方某水源有机物和藻类较高这一问题,进行了混凝、气浮,砂滤等常规工艺下FeCl_3和高效聚合铝盐(HPAC)混凝剂对浊度、有机物和藻类去除效果对比试验。结果表明,低投量下的Fe盐混凝剂去除TOC的效果优于低投量的Al盐,但高投量下却相反;从除藻效果分析,两种混凝剂差别不大。考虑混凝剂价格时,相同混凝剂费用下二者投量比(分别以FeCl 3和Al_2O_3计)为FeCl_3:HPAC=13:1,且在满足浊度出水水质情况下,最优Al盐费用少于Fe盐,但在以COD_(Mn)为控制指标时却相反。     

高分子铁盐絮凝剂制备及其应用研究

研究了以废铁屑和工业硫酸亚铁为原料,在常压和加热条件下,用氯酸钾作为氧化剂制取聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的工艺条件,并在PFS制备的基础上,合成了聚磷硫酸铁(PPFS)和聚氯硫酸铁(PFCS)。将所制备的聚铁用于污水处理实验,结果表明:用该方法制备的聚铁絮凝剂对实际水样具有较好的混凝处理效果,且制备工艺简单、速度快,从根本上消除了用NaNO_2催化氧化法制备聚铁对环境造成的二次污染。     

纳米棒状氧化铁红的制备及表征

以尿素为沉淀剂,采用缓慢滴加方式,用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米棒状氧化铁红。考察了Fe^2＋浓度、反应时间、反应温度、尿素与Fe^2＋物质的量比等因素对产品粒径、形貌及收率的影响,并用TG,XRD,IR,UV-VIS,TEM等对样品进行了表征。确定了制备纳米棒状氧化铁红的最佳工艺条件：Fe^2＋浓度为0.50 mol/L,反应时间为180 min,反应温度为80℃,尿素与Fe^2＋物质的量比为20∶1,在此条件下制得前驱体,将前驱体在350℃下煅烧2 h,即可得到纳米棒状氧化铁红。样品的XRD,TEM表征结果为六方晶系的纳米棒状α-Fe2O3,其长轴约为300-500 nm,短轴约为20-40 nm,产品收率为75.90%,颜色为鲜红色,含质量分数5%样品的清漆对紫外线具有很好的吸收性能,而对可见光具有良好的透明性,其透光率在85%以上,可作为透明氧化铁红颜料使用。