深海油气输送用X70厚壁直缝埋弧焊钢管的耐蚀性

开发试制了深海油气输送用X70厚壁直缝埋弧焊(LSAW)钢管(1 016mm,壁厚36.5mm),对管线钢的化学成分、组织和力学性能进行了分析,并通过氢致开裂(HIC)、硫化物应力腐蚀(SSC)、腐蚀浸泡等试验研究了钢管管体及焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:该试验钢管的管体及焊接接头具有良好的抗氢致开裂和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂性能,腐蚀速率小于0.09mm/a,可用于具有腐蚀性的海洋环境中。     

基坑围护中参数选择与静探试验关系的探讨

介绍了工程中剪切强度指标的选择原则,通过静探试验,对原位测试指标和剪切强度指标进行了相关性研究,发现原位测试指标可以为基坑围护设计时的参数选择提供依据。     

Influence of surface oxidation on electric potential measurements in MHD liquid metal flows

Experimental investigations for magnetohydrodynamic flows in rectangular ducts are performed using GaInSn as model fluid. Measurements of electric potential on channel walls and inside the flow show reproducible discrepancies compared to analytical results. These discrepancies can be ascribed to the formation of oxide layers causing a contact resistance between the electrically conducting duct walls and the liquid metal. An exact analytical solution for pressure drop, velocity and potential distributions has been derived taking into account the presence of a contact resistance. Analytical results for velocity and potential profiles and for pressure drop are discussed for different values of contact resistance and strength of the applied magnetic field. A comparison of measured potential with data from the analytical solution allows estimating the order of magnitude of the contact resistance in the present experiments.     

浅谈季节性冻土桥梁桩基础特性及其静载试验

多年冻土地区桥梁工程往往由于地基的冻融作用,不良冻土地区冻融的影响,会产生各种工程病害,从而影响工程使用。文章通过对季节性冻土桩基静载试验来分析验证桩基的承载力能否满足设计使用要求。     

Associated computational plasticity schemes for nonassociated frictional materials

A new methodology for computational plasticity of nonassociated frictional materials is presented. The new approach is inspired by the micromechanical origins of friction and results in a set of governing equations similar to those of standard associated plasticity. As such, procedures previously developed for associated plasticity are applicable with minor modification. This is illustrated by adaptation of the standard implicit scheme. Moreover, the governing equations can be cast in terms of a variational principle, which after discretization is solved by means of a newly developed second‐order cone programming algorithm. The effects of nonassociativity are discussed with reference to localization of deformations and illustrated by means of a comprehensive set of examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赵凹油田泌304区浅层砾岩稠油储量分类评价及应用

泌304区位于泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带,该区储层具有复模态孔隙结构、毛管阻力大、蒙脱石含量高、非均质性严重等特点,致使本区在前期的试油、压裂试采等产能评价中没有取得突破。为此,从岩心观察分析入手,结合含油性和对应的电性响应特征规律,建立了本区的储层分类评价标准,分别从含油性、岩性、物性进行了平面分类,再综合分类研究,把储量划分出了四类,并对Ⅰ类储量区域进行了验证,取得了该区的产能突破。     

污泥炭田间老化对土壤重金属及养分的影响

污泥基生物炭内源重金属和养分含量因污泥来源的不同而差异较大。为探索污泥基生物炭“还田”后，其内源重金属变化和养分的去向问题，采用干湿交替对污泥基生物炭模拟老化处理，分析老化前后污泥基生物炭的Cu、Zn金属形态及TCLP浸出毒性的变化；研究污泥基生物炭BC1和BC2（分别以磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钙与污泥混合后热解制备的生物炭）以5%和10%的质量分数与鲜土混合老化后对污泥基生物炭内源重金属稳定性及土壤有机碳和有效磷含量变化的影响。结果表明：两种污泥基生物炭与土壤混合老化后会使土壤中SiO2含量增加，但不会改变土壤的吸附类型；污泥基生物炭的添加会增加土壤的比表面积，其中BC2增幅较大，为36.17 m2/g；施加两种污泥基生物炭土壤中Cu、Zn生物有效性均有不同程度的降低。TCLP浸出毒性量相比老化前降低（BC1约降低37.5%）。此外，BC1对土壤有效磷的提升效果优于BC2（BC1 70 mg/kg，BC2 30 mg/kg）；BC2对土壤有机碳的提升效果优于BC1（BC2 2.2%，BC1 1.15%）。BC2还田更有利于Cu、Zn的固定以及土壤有机碳和有效磷的提升。     

Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of arsenic,cadmium and lead content in powdered infant formula by means of quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) can enter the food chain through the environment and/or as a consequence of the manufacturing process making foodstuffs the main human exposure route to these chemical elements. The risk associated with this exposure is of such a big concern for human health that the European Food Safety Agency recommends to reduce the exposure to Cd and Pb so as to protect especially vulnerable subgroups of population (e.g., infants). Therefore, the setting of new maximum levels (MLs) for chemical elements in infant formulae (e.g., for Cd) or the reconsideration of the existing ML for Pb is under discussion. On this basis, the availability of analytical methods, precise, accurate and sensitive enough to quantify low concentration values, is a key point especially for official control laboratories that have to state the sample compliance using a fully validated method with an associated uncertainty compliant with the requirements specified in the pertinent regulations. This work describes the development and validation of an analytical method to quantify As, Cd and Pb in powdered infant formulae based on animal protein at values of concentration close to the MLs that are likely to be set. The results obtained make the method suitable for a precise and accurate determination of these chemical elements at these low concentration values. In particular, the results for limit of quantification (LoQ) were respectively (μg kg⁻¹): As 6.2, Cd 1.2 and Pb 4.5. While for the recovery rates the following percentages were obtained: As 105%, Cd 98% and Pb 108%. The expanded uncertainties were found extremely satisfactory (Cd 13% and Pb 19%). The LoQ and the uncertainty for Pb meet the requirements set in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 333/2007 and following amendments being lower than the maximum values allowed. Even for Cd the expanded uncertainty resulted adequate in relation with the low concentration considered.     

Kinetics of Reaction between Iron Ore Fines and Coal or Char Fines

Iron ore fines and coal fines can be made to react to produce direct reduced iron (DRI) fines. There are three ways to achieve the reactions, namely, (a) using homogeneous mixtures, (b) arranging the ore and coal fines in separate but adjacent layers and (c) by fluidizing a mixture of iron ore fines and coal fines by air. This paper mainly discusses the work done by the author and his coworkers on the kinetic aspects of reactions in such systems.