QHD32-6-3井明化镇组原油非均质性及其石油地质意义

原油甾、萜烷的分布表明 ,QHD32 6 3井明化镇组不同油组的原油来自相同生烃层系 ,但各油组原油色谱特征及芳烃系列化合物组成具有明显的差别。色谱特征的差异主要是第 2期油气的不均衡充注造成的。NmⅠ 油组原油正构烷烃与 2 5 降藿烷共存 ,说明本油组油藏接受了 2期原油注入 ,早期注入的原油遭受了生物降解 ,而后又接受了后期热演化程度较高原油的注入 ;NmⅡ 和NmⅣ 油组原油正构烷烃的缺失及 2 5 降藿烷的检出 ,表明其也遭受了强烈的生物降解 ,但第 2期油气对NmⅡ 和NmⅣ 油组没有影响。芳烃化合物组成的差异是由于各油组生物降解的程度不同所致。NmⅡ油组原油强烈的生物降解与水体的活动有关 ,由此推测其油藏可能为底水油藏 ,而不是以往所认为的边水油藏。     

河流生态修复的尺度格局和模型

通过分析水文过程与生态过程的耦合特征，论证了流域尺度是编制河流生态修复规划的适宜尺度。讨论了景观空间异质性与物种多样性的相关关系，提出了在流域和河流廊道两种尺度上改善景观格局配置的方法。特别指出了在河流廊道尺度下提高景观空间异质性的两个要点，一是增强地貌学意义上的空间异质性，二是改善生态水文学和生态水力学意义上的水文、水力学条件。本文还介绍了景观格局分析方法和景观格局-生态过程模型。     

The effect of wettability heterogeneity on capillary pressure and relative permeability

The effect of wettability on fluid flow properties in porous media has been extensively studied, and is still a subject of highly active investigation. Most of the work has focused on cores of homogeneous wettability. Little attention has been paid to wettability heterogeneity effects at the core or pore scale. In a previous paper, we reported on a series of centrifuge experiments performed to study the effect of wettability heterogeneity on capillary pressure. An experimental technique, named cyclic aging, was developed to create regions of different wetting in the same core sample. In this paper, the work is extended to study the effect of wettability heterogeneity on both capillary pressure and relative permeability curves using centrifuge, continuous injection and steady state techniques.The experimental procedure consists of three steps: (1) the core plug is fully saturated with brine and subsequently a drainage experiment is performed targeting an initial oil saturation S_oi, (2) after aging, oil is displaced by water to residual oil saturation S_or, and (3) oil is injected targeting higher initial oil saturation. In the secondary drainage experiment (step 3), oil first displaces water from the pores exposed to crude oil in primary drainage (step 1) and then enters fresh pores not exposed to crude oil before.In our previous study, it was found that wettability heterogeneity caused a step change in capillary pressure which correlated very well with the saturation at which wettability contrast was expected. However, the height of the step could not be explained by wettability contrast and/or water trapping alone. An experimental artifact caused by the centrifuge technique made the step higher than expected. The experimental artifact was the result of the nonuniform saturation profile developed across the core at the end of the centrifuge experiment. In this study, new techniques were used which resulted in a uniform saturation profile along the core sample during the primary drainage experiment. It was found that in this case the step in the capillary pressure is determined by wettability contrast and water trapping. It was also found that the relative permeability curve changes its characteristics when oil accesses the pores not previously exposed to crude oil.The results of this study show that (1) only the part of the pore space exposed to crude oil undergoes wettability changes on both core scale and pore scale, and (2) ignoring wettability heterogeneity can lead to large errors in the estimated two phase flow functions with important consequences with respect to fluid flow in porous media.     

How close to failure is a granite rock mass at a 5 km depth?

We discuss in this paper the mechanical significance of microseismicity induced by pore pressure variations. Particular attention is given to identifying whether microseismic events reflect only small effective stress perturbations, in a manner somewhat similar to the so-called Kaiser effect, or whether they outline the onset of large-scale failure. This issue is addressed in the context of the development of microseismic activity observed during large-scale water injections conducted in the 5000 m deep experimental geothermal reservoir at Soultz (France). Results from large hydraulic tests together with analysis of borehole images and induced seismicity are integrated to provide a well-constrained characterization of the complete stress field down to 5 km. It is shown that, for this site, pore pressure increments larger than 10% of the natural minimum principal stress magnitude are required for inducing large-scale shear failures that are characterized by a clear structuring of the microseismic events occurrence. But the onset of induced seismicity occurs for much smaller pore pressure variations that only reflect the “elastic” response to changes in local effective stresses. It is concluded that the linear variation with depth of principal stress magnitudes observed in this granite depends on the long-term rheology of this formation rather than on the frictional characteristics of the main faults that affect the massif.     

采用丝束电极研究金属镍的快速电沉积行为

采用丝束电极(铜质和铁质)研究了金属镍的快速电沉积行为。研究表明，丝束电极表面存在腐蚀电位分布的不均匀性，经电沉积处理的丝束电极表面，也存在腐蚀电位分布的不均匀性。探讨了不同材质的丝束电极和不同镀液对金属镍的快速电沉积行为的影响。     

卫城油田卫11块影响剩余油分布的主要因素

针对卫城油田卫11块地质特点，从影响剩余油分布的因素分析入手，研究原始地质因素，包括构造、储层沉积的非均质性、流体性质等对剩余油分布的影响；研究人为因素，包括对构造的认识程度、开发过程中开发井网系统部署的合理性、注采平衡情况、压力平衡情况、后期调整井部署情况、采用的采油工艺技术适应性等对剩余油分布的影响。揭示了不同类型剩余油形成的原因，指出了剩余油空间展布规律，为调整挖潜剩余油提供了依据。     

浅谈电信运营商的转型

随着中国电信集团转型口号的正式提出,一时间基础电信运营商的战略转型成为行业关注的热点问题.本文系统地分析了电信运营商转型的必要性和转型的方向,探讨了转型给电信运营商所带来的运营模式和竞争模式的改变等问题.本文认为电信运营商未来运营的核心将是运营一个资源系统,运营商所担当的角色不仅仅是管道提供商,更多的是一个产业链、价值链的管理者和协调者.对于价值链的核心环节,电信运营商必须牢牢控制,而对于非核心的或者辅助性的环节,大可放心地采取外包方式,让更为专业的独立第三方运营.     

E_1~3油藏井间示踪剂测试及解释

该文采用井间示踪剂测试解释ＩＴＴＡ软件，利用最优化方法对Ｅ３１油藏生产井产出的示踪剂浓度剖面进行分析，计算了注入水波及的高渗透层位的渗透率和厚度。分析认为水驱后油层的渗透率变化很大，Ｅ３１油藏高渗透条带的渗透率增加了２～４倍；示踪剂硫氰酸铵与硝酸铵相比，硫氰酸铵更适合于Ｅ３１油藏。井间示踪剂测试是认识油藏非均质性和水驱后油藏物性变化规律的一种有效的方法，对于提高油藏的堵水调剖效果，具有重要指导意义。     

Panel data analysis—advantages and challenges

We explain the proliferation of panel data studies in terms of (i) data availability, (ii) the more heightened capacity for modeling the complexity of human behavior than a single cross-section or time series data can possibly allow, and (iii) challenging methodology. Advantages and issues of panel data modeling are also discussed. This invited paper is discussed in the comments available at: , , , , , , , .     

以生态学的观念看经济全球化

分析了经济全球化中的同质性和异质性 ,用生态学的观点阐述了同质性存在的问题 ,并提出了在经济全球化的大环境中如何保持异质性、保护经济安全的方法