Interactive simulated patient—an advanced tool for student-activated learning in medicine and healthcare

An advanced learning system for interactive simulation of patient cases (ISP) is described. The system was designed to meet specific pedagogical needs where student activation and problem orientation were two of the key issues. The system includes features such as video based illness history-taking function using free text input, highly interactive physiological examination procedures, extensive laboratory tests and detailed user feedback. The system was constructed mainly in Authorware Professional, starting more than 10 years ago, and it is now available in refined versions in different languages. Twelve pedagogical and three technical features were initially defined for the project. All of these aims were fulfilled. The ISP system has been successfully used in education, and in international collaboration, including three applicability field tests. The system is also a powerful research tool for studying for instance medical decision-making.     

机车大功率整流管试验台的研制

本文基于计算机技术和现代测量技术，介绍了一种虚拟仪器-机车大功率整流管试验台的研制。该试验台根据LMS自适应算法，模拟实际工作环境，自适应地控制试验过程，并对试验数据应用小波分析技术分析处理，得到机车大功率整流管准确而全面的性能参数，具有自动化程度高、试验结果可靠性高的优点。本文主要介绍试验数据处理和软件设计。     

虚拟企业图纸数据传输

图纸数据是企业间合作需交换的一种重要的信息。本文分析了虚拟企业环境下企业之间交换图纸数据的要求，提出了一种具体的解决方案，并给出实例。     

Virtual teamwork in very large undergraduate classes

Collaborative work is an important part of tertiary education but it is very difficult to arrange and supervise for extremely large classes of students in their first year. The possibility that computer-mediated communication can be used to facilitate this type of learning is appealing from a pragmatic organisational point of view. This paper explains in detail what a ‘virtual team’ is in the educational context. It reports on an interpretive field study where students taking an introductory course were allowed to choose where and when they did the required collaborative work. The paper discusses the factors that should be taken into account when offering students the option of working as a virtual team. These include factors that influence the students’ choice. The project cannot be considered to have been successful but indicates reasons for the lack of success and suggests contexts in which it would be valuable to repeat the project. The importance of extensive preparation in terms of teaching the students necessary social and technological skills cannot be over emphasised.     

建立虚拟武器装备库，从基础践行科技兴训——浅探VRML技术在我军军事训练中的应用

VRML技术作为现代一种新型计算机技术，已广泛应用到军事、教育等各个领域，充分运用现代高新技术成果，进行模拟训练已成为各军事强国在训练改革的重要目标和现代军事训练发展的指导方向。本文初步探讨了VRML技术在我军军事训练中的应用，提出了虚拟武器装备库的概念，并对我军建立虚拟武器装备库的可能性、必要性及建设构想进行了初步探讨。     

电子商务环境下的组织变革探讨

从变化的环境出发，论述了组织与环境的关系，分析了电子商务在组织变革中的作用以及组织变革的规律，进一步研究了适应这种环境的虚拟组织的组成、管理特性和运作平台。     

Safe and effective navigation of autonomous robots in hazardous environments

The development of autonomous mobile machines to perform useful tasks in real work environments is currently being impeded by concerns over effectiveness, commercial viability and, above all, safety. This paper introduces a case study of a robotic excavator to explore a series of issues around system development, navigation in unstructured environments, autonomous decision making and changing the behaviour of autonomous machines to suit the prevailing demands of users. The adoption of the Real-Time Control Systems (RCS) architecture (Albus, 1991) is proposed as a universal framework for the development of intelligent systems. In addition it is explained how the use of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) (Kaelbling et al., 1998) can form the basis of decision making in the face of uncertainty and how the technique can be effectively incorporated into the RCS architecture. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring that the resulting behaviour is both task effective and adequately safe, and it is recognised that these two objectives may be in opposition and that the desired relative balance between them may change. The concept of an autonomous system having “values” is introduced through the use of utility theory. Limited simulation results of experiments are reported which demonstrate that these techniques can create intelligent systems capable of modifying their behaviour to exhibit either ‘safety conscious’ or ‘task achieving’ personalities.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的火车闸片摩擦系数测试系统

虚拟仪器是当今仪器仪表发展的趋势，根据硬件结构、总线结构、开发平台的不同，虚拟仪嚣系统有一套典型开发步骤和系统构建方式。本文介绍了一个利用基于虚拟仪器技术的火车闸片摩擦系数测试系统的设计，给出了系统的硬件结构和软件设计的思路。     

基于计算机声卡的虚拟仪器的设计

主要介绍通过计算机的声卡来实现对虚拟仪器的设计，模拟了示波器、信号发生器和频率计等设备的基本功能，详细介绍了系统的硬件设计方法及软件流程。该系统主要适用于音频范围的各种信号的采集与产生。