Urban form and renewable energy potential

Urban form, i.e., the layout, density, shape and orientation of buildings within the street grid of a city, affects greatly the potential of using renewable energy sources such as sun and wind for electricity production and climatisation of buildings. This paper outlines the framework of the European research Project PRECis (assessing the Potential for Renewable Energy in Cities) and, in particular, the role of the Polytechnic University of Turin in that Project.     

Ecological energetics of tropical intensive green roof

Few green roof studies cover intensive and tropical types and specific canopy microclimate. We examined the ecological energetics of a sky woodland in humid-tropical Hong Kong. Environmental sensors monitored the microclimatic and soil parameters for 14 months. Key biophysical variables of transpiration, wind, light, and through-canopy energy flux are modeled to investigate seasonal and weather effects. The woodland forms a cloistered subcanopy environment with rather stable microclimate. Transpiration and latent heat loss are enhanced by solar radiation and low relative humidity, but less by wind. On sunny days, about 20% of incident solar radiation can reach the soil surface. The canopy reflected more near-infrared radiation (NIR) than photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), highlighting a hitherto neglected passive-cooling mechanism. The highest transpiration rate occurs in autumn rather than summer due to dry-mild weather. The woodland canopy could reduce 300 W m⁻² energy flux into the substrate. The canopy warmed by solar energy transmits heat to subcanopy air. Latent and sensible heat loss in the subcanopy domain is suppressed, thus dampening the passive-cooling effect. The capability of the tropical intensive green roof to reduce temperature is relatively inefficient comparing with temperate region counterparts. The findings could inform design and choice of green roofs.     

1000 kV交流特高压输电线路舞动区的划分

随着全球大气候的变化,中国极端风雪天气愈加频繁,架空输电线路导线舞动时常发生,往往会引起线路跳闸,电弧烧伤,金具、绝缘子损坏,导线断股、断线,倒塔等严重事故,造成巨大的经济损失。因而,对高压架空输电线路舞动区的研究与划分显得尤为重要。笔者对1 000 kV线路进行了全线的实地调研,并且搜集了大量线路经过地区的气象资料,在分析了舞动区基本理论的基础上,结合线路经过地区的地形地貌和气象条件,对该线路进行了舞动区的划分,希望对运行单位更高效的开展运行维护管理提供一定的帮助和指导。     

头戴式虚拟现实设备的热舒适研究

目的了解头戴式虚拟现实设备的热特性,以及用户的主观热舒适感受。方法让被试者使用头戴设备45min,过程中采用温度记录器记录数据,最后用主观量表获取热舒适评分。获得的数据用SPSS进行方差分析,并结合设备的物理属性进一步进行主观热舒适影响因素分析。结果三款头戴设备的平均微环境温度在使用时间内共上升了8.11℃,主观热不适程度随使用时间的增加而增强。数据统计结果表明,三款设备间的微环境温度和主观热舒适数据差异显著(p0.05)。结论头戴式虚拟现实设备在使用时间内的微环境温度变化会对用户造成"轻微不适"的热感受,在提升产品热舒适方面可以从显示器的发热性和目镜的散热性入手。用户更青睐透气性强、且对面部相对不造成压力的S款设计。     

绿色建筑评价标准中关于城市微气候的讨论

本文通过比较BREEAM UK New Construction,LEED-NC和GBA China的评估标准,重点研究建筑物对城市微气候的影响。在每个标准中,能源的管理和使用是评估建筑物对微气候影响的最重要部分。在LEED-NC中,评估建筑物微气候的指标百分比相比其他两个占其总指标的最大,其余两个比重相同。     

城市街谷夏季微气候现场调查研究

通过总结街谷形态要素和微气候之间的关系,提出建筑学和规划领域加强街谷微气候研究的必要性;以大连中心城区典型街谷人民路为对象,进行了微气候参数的夏季现场调查,通过分析其特征总结了城市街谷形态要素的改善策略。     

城市公园景观要素的微气候相关性分析

在园林微气候设计中,需要根据环境要素量化分析影响微气候的关键气候参数和改善微气候的适宜景观要素。以成都市百花潭公园为例,选取7个观测点,实测其气温、风速、相对湿度、太阳辐射照度等微气候参数,利用实测数据客观评估观测点的热舒适度。在此基础上,量化分析观测点微气候参数与热舒适度的相关性、微气候参数之间的相关性。研究结果表明:湿热气候区影响园林微气候舒适性的关键气候参数是风速和太阳辐射照度;水体和植物是改善高温、高湿气候相对更适宜的景观要素,水体的微气候效应优于植物。研究内容和结果为湿热气候区优化园林气候提供新的研究思路和技术方法,促进园林健康气候建设。     

湿热型乡村旅游住区户外微气候评价及生态改善策略

用WBGT法和TS法评价和分析湿热型乡村旅游住区——董坪村的微气候舒适度,并根据董坪村景观要素提出生态改善策略:运用本土植物规划种植立体乡村景观体系,由此构建适宜的风环境而改善户外微气候舒适度。     

微气候与包装

综述气候因素对包装和货物质量的影响,货运时货箱内的微气候特点和气候模拟试验条件。     

Study on the Outdoor Wind Environment Simulation and Design Strategies of Rural Settlements in Cold Areas

To improve the outdoor environment of rural settlement and reduce the energy consumption of rural houses in winterin cold areas, the seriously bad wind environment should been controlled and considered. This paper applies the method of numerical simulation to simulate the wind environment of some typical arrangement of building and courtyard in winter, and concludes the optimal building and courtyard arrangement types and strategies. It aims to provide some technical supports for improving the wind environment of rural settlements in cold regions.