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61.
Tree-shaped flow structures designed by minimizing path lengths 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. LorenteW. Wechsatol A. Bejan 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2002,45(16):3299-3312
This paper outlines a direct route to the construction of effective tree-shaped flow structures. Dendritic flow structures dominate the design of natural and engineered flow systems, especially in thermal and fluid systems. The starting point is the optimization of the shape of each elemental area or volume, such that the length of the flow path housed by the element is minimized. Proceeding toward larger and more complex structures - from elements, to first constructs, second constructs, etc. - the paper develops tree-shaped flow structures between one point and a straight line, one point and a plane, a circle and its center, and a point and many points distributed uniformly over an area. In the latter, the construction method is applied to a fluid flow configuration with laminar fully developed flow. The constructions reveal several features that are supported by empirical observations of natural tree-shaped flows: asymmetry, flow rate imbalance, pairing or bifurcation, angles between branches, and Y-shaped constructs that lie in a plane. It is shown that these basic features are necessary because of “packing”, i.e., assembling optimized elements into a fixed space, and filling the space completely. For the flow between an area and one point, the best elemental shape is the regular hexagon. It is shown that the emergence of string-shaped links that connect two or more elements are necessary features, which are also required by packing. Strings cover some of the inner zones of the tree network, particularly the inner zones of large and complex trees. Dichotomous Y-shaped constructs dominate the tree structure, especially the peripheral zones of the tree canopy. The practical importance of the simplified design method is discussed. 相似文献
62.
63.
多目标模糊优选理论在水资源系统中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
开放的水资源系统分析理论应是水资源学与系统科学等多种学科的结合 ,介绍一种新兴而实用的水资源系统分析技术———半结构性决策系统模糊优选理论的基本原理及其应用。 相似文献
64.
Combined shape and sizing optimization of truss structures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, an evolutionary optimization method is presented for weight minimum problem of a 3-dimensional truss structure
in terms of nodal coordinates and element cross-sectional areas. The structure is subject to stress, local buckling and displacement
constraints. Two types of design variables with different natures are optimized separately: (1) a fully stressed design (FSD)
and scaling techniques are applied to sizing variables and (2) the evolutionary node shift method is applied to shape variables.
Alternating procedure is utilized to couple the two types of variables and to combine the results. The optimum solution is
achieved gradually from the initial configuration design. Two typical truss structures are examined to illustrate the validity
of the method.
Received: 22 October 2001 / Accepted: 04 June 2002
This research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the guarantees no. 10072050 and
10172072, respectively. 相似文献
65.
双螺杆反应挤出模型的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
详细研究了双螺杆中反应挤出聚合物的动力学模型、流动模型和传热模型。通过实验得到了双螺杆反应器中聚合物的停留时间分布及平均停留时间。 相似文献
66.
本文以动理学理论的Boltzmann方程为基础,考虑明渠湍流床面附近猝发喷射和清扫运动对跃移层内运动颗粒的不同作用,分析了明渠中泥沙颗粒浓度垂线分布问题,得到了适用于包括跃移层、悬移层在内的统一浓度垂线分布公式。文中着重研究了跃移层内运动颗粒的浓度垂线分布,并将本文结果与实测跃移层内浓度垂线分布及实测跃移层顶部浓度进行了对比,结果表明理论与实验两者符合较好。 相似文献
67.
MODELING LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN HIGEE SEPARATION PROCESS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Professor Richard S.H. Mah. Hsien-Hsin Tung is now affiliated with Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
Penetration theory is used to describe the liquid mass transfer in Higee separation process. Within a possible range of effective areas, it is shown that the predicted mass transfer coefficients are in reasonable agreement with the estimated mass transfer coefficients. The estimated coefficients were calculated from the experimental data and the possible effective areas. Hence it is concluded the penetration theory is generally applicable to describe liquid mass transfer in Higee separation process. The comparison also suggests that liquid mixing at the junctions of packing materials may be more complete in Higee process than in traditional process. 相似文献
Penetration theory is used to describe the liquid mass transfer in Higee separation process. Within a possible range of effective areas, it is shown that the predicted mass transfer coefficients are in reasonable agreement with the estimated mass transfer coefficients. The estimated coefficients were calculated from the experimental data and the possible effective areas. Hence it is concluded the penetration theory is generally applicable to describe liquid mass transfer in Higee separation process. The comparison also suggests that liquid mixing at the junctions of packing materials may be more complete in Higee process than in traditional process. 相似文献
68.
69.
马云辉 《微电子学与计算机》1998,15(6):48-51
本文采用信号流图法设计了一种基于OTA的三输入一输出多功能电压模滤波器新电路,该电路由五个OTA和两个接地电容构成,合理选择输入电压可实现低通、高通、带通、带阻及全通滤波功能。文章还对电路进行了MOS管级的计算机仿真,其结果表明所提出的电路方案正确有效。 相似文献
70.