Mechanical properties of graphene films enhanced by homo-telechelic functionalized polymer fillers via π–π stacking interactions

Most researches on graphene/polymer composites are focusing on improving the mechanical and electrical properties of polymers at low graphene content instead of paying attention to constructing graphene’s macroscopic structures. In current study the homo-telechelic functionalized polyethylene glycols (FPEGs) were tailored with π-orbital-rich groups (namely phenyl, pyrene and di-pyrene) via esterification reactions, which enhanced the interaction between polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules and chemical reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets. The π–π stacking interactions between graphene sheets and π-orbital-rich groups endowed the composite films with enhanced tensile strength and tunable electrical conductivity. The formation of graphene network structure mediated by the FPEGs fillers via π–π stacking non-covalent interactions should account for the experimental results. The experimental investigations were also complemented with theoretical calculation using a density functional theory. Atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor the step-wise preparation of graphene composite films.     

Structures and properties of chicken myofibrillar protein gel induced by microwave heating

Structures and properties of myofibrillar protein gel prepared at different power (300–800 W) were evaluated. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that changes in microwave power did not alter primary structure of gel. However, an increase in microwave power could change higher structures of gel. As microwave power increased, α-helix content decreased and β-sheet content increased. Increased microwave power probably facilitated protein to unfold and expose the internal groups, causing surface hydrophobicity and the formation of disulphide bonds were enhanced, which indicated changes in tertiary and quaternary structures of protein. At 500 W, gel had the best ultrastructure where surface morphology, springiness and water holding capacity reached the optimum. Our findings suggested that microwave at an appropriate power (500 W) could change higher structures of myofibrillar protein gel to achieve desired processing and quality protein gel characteristics.     

古建筑木结构透榫节点力学模型研究

为研究古建筑木结构透榫节点的M-θ力学模型，在分析透榫节点构造特征与受力机理的基础上，建立其数值模型，用透榫节点的试验数据验证了该数值模型的正确性，并分析了节点缝隙、木材横纹弹性模量和大榫头长度对透榫节点受弯承载力的影响。根据受力分析结果，建立以弹性点、屈服点与极限点为特征点的三折线多参数M-θ力学模型，其结果与多数的试验结果基本吻合，并将该力学模型应用于木构架的受力分析。研究结果表明：透榫节点的滞回耗能能力强，节点的变形主要集中在榫头处。当榫头与卯口之间的缝隙增大时，节点的受弯承载力降低。随木材横纹弹性模量的提高和大榫头长度的增加，节点的受弯承载力有一定提高。文章建立的M-θ力学模型能较好反映透榫节点的受力过程，适用于木构架的受力分析，其荷载 位移骨架曲线与试验结果基本吻合。研究成果可为古建筑木结构的维修与保护提供参考。     

7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanosine Lesions Inhibit the Theophylline Aptamer or Change Its Selectivity

Aptamers are attractive constructs due to their high affinity/selectivity towards a target. Here 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanosine (8-oxoG) has been used, due in part to its unique H-bonding capabilities (Watson–Crick or Hoogsteen), to expand the “RNA alphabet”. Its impact on the theophylline RNA aptamer was explored by modifying its binding pocket at positions G11, G25, or G26. Structural probing, with RNases A and T₁, showed that modification at G11 leads to a drastic structural change, whereas the G25-/G26-modified analogues exhibited cleavage patterns similar to that of the canonical construct. The recognition properties towards three xanthine derivatives were then explored through thermophoresis. Modifying the aptamer at position G11 led to binding inhibition. Modification at G25, however, changed the selectivity towards theobromine (K_d≈160 μm ), with a poor affinity for theophylline (K_d>1.5 mm ) being observed. Overall, 8-oxoG can have an impact on the structures of aptamers in a position-dependent manner, leading to altered target selectivity.     

影响煤层气开发效果的地质因素再认识

地质特征认识对煤层气开发效果起着重要作用。在资源特征相差不大的情况下,发现煤层气相邻井的产量差异仍较大。排除工程因素后,通过选取8类地质参数,细致比对了保德区块低产井与邻井的参数特征,筛查出其关键因素为煤层微幅构造与顶板封盖条件,其中以微幅构造为主。据此,重新认识并划分出区块新的次生褶皱背斜单元、向斜单元和斜坡单元,获得了不同次生褶皱构造单元的开发特征。结果表明,高、低产井分布与次生褶皱背斜、向斜相关性高达92%。其中:高产井主要分布在次生褶皱背斜变化较缓、呈隆起状的“平台”,且煤层顶板以泥岩、碳质泥岩为主,封盖性较好;低产井主要分布在次生褶皱向斜,同一井台各井开发效果差异表现为从向斜条带轴部—向斜条带内—向斜条带外的煤层气井平均单井产量不断增加,到向斜轴部的距离大于向斜曲率半径73.5%的范围为主力产气区,小于向斜曲率半径40.0%范围为产水主力区。这对煤层气新井部署、生产管理、开发调整等,具有一定的指导意义。     

BIM技术在地下工程中的应用分析及展望

BIM技术以三维设计为基础,以数字信息为载体,将建筑信息贯穿于建筑的全生命周期中。然而由于地下工程的内部结构较为复杂,受地质条件影响较大,BIM技术在地下工程中的应用并不多见。叙述了BIM技术在隧道、地铁和矿井建设几种地下工程中应用的现状,并对几个典型案例进行分析,指出了BIM技术在地上工程和地下工程中应用的异同。最后,提出了目前BIM技术在地下工程中应用的问题以及对未来发展的建议。为推动BIM在我国地下工程中更广泛深入的应用提供重要参考价值。     

地表移动带范围内建构筑物安全可靠性分析

地表建构筑物位于在生产矿山地表开采移动范围内，如果按照一般圈定地表移动范围原则判断建构筑物的安全可靠性，结果是不安全或者预留保安矿柱可保证安全。为分析地表移动带范围内建构筑物安全可靠性，采用FLAC3D软件建立数值模拟模型，对矿区地表移动进行分析研究，并结合建构筑物的破坏等级评判标准，可以更加合理地判断地表移动范围内建构筑物的安全可靠性，对存在相似条件的矿山具有一定的借鉴意义。     

马脊梁煤矿井下巷道贯通测量方法分析

在煤矿测量工作中,贯通测量是其中重要工作之一,确保贯通点的误差在设定的范围内,决定了贯通测量的成败。本文将马脊梁煤矿副立井与王村回风立井的贯通作为研究对象,选择使用井下控制测量、竖井联系测量及陀螺定向技术等,设定了贯通测量的方案,开展了误差预计,通过对比预计结果和要求,保证了贯通测量设计的可行性。     

露天转地下联合开采技术探讨

针对复杂型锰矿开采提出了由露天转地下联合开采技术，与其它采矿方法相比较，这种方法提高了回采率，降低了采矿成本。     

反转构造的反转程度及其与油气聚集的关系

结合典型反转构造地震剖面，分析了断层型和褶皱型两类反转构造的反转程度，上下皆正断层型和向形褶皱型反转构造的反转程度轻微；上逆下正断层型和透镜形褶皱型反转构造的反转程度中等；上下皆逆断层型和背形褶皱型反转构造的反转程度强烈。分析了反转构造的反转程度与油气聚集的关系，处于轻微反转程度的上下皆正断层型反转和向形褶皱型反转，以及处于强烈反转程度的上下皆逆断层型反转和背形褶皱型反转不利于油气聚集；处于中等反转程度的上逆下正断层型反转和透镜形褶皱型反转类型有利于油气聚集成藏。