Software reliability — what is it?

Software has become a household necessity in today's world but little has been done to measure its reliability for the consumer. Since software failure has a different basis than hardware failure, existing reliability theory cannot be applied directly: a new software unique theory needs to be defined. Current software practice relies on software quality measures to describe software reliability but recent work has identified both theory and practice for appropriate software reliability analysis. This paper discusses: the need for software reliability analysis in order to more accurately describe system reliability, the shortcomings of current practice, and both the direction of new work in, and the future roles for, software reliability analysis.     

Team formation on the basis of Belbin’s roles to enhance students’ performance in project based learning

This paper presents a method that instructors have designed and implemented to form balanced teams based on Belbin's roles, with the aim of boosting positive interdependence and individual accountability within the teams and improving their performance in a project-based learning environment. Students’ performance has been measured through the scores obtained during the project, individual exam and Individual Accountability Factor (IAF) and compared with cohorts of previous years, in which team composition was self-selected by students. Belbin teams (18/19–19/20) have performed significantly better than self-selected teams (16/17–17/18). Additionally, students’ feedback experience and opinion has been collected. Students belonging to Belbin teams acknowledge that they attend classes more regularly, they need less time for study outside the classes and they show a higher interest for the subject at the end of the course. They also agree that working on Belbin teams has helped them to mainly improve interpersonal relationships and social skills, followed by positive interdependence and individual accountability. This team forming method gives students the opportunity to identify their own strengths and weaknesses and understand the roles (behaviours) of their teammates as well as their strengths and weaknesses. Besides, it encourages learners to focus explicitly on group work skills.     

T CP 中速率控制的使用

本文讨论了TCP在客户端－服务器模式中出现的TCP重起（慢启动）和慢启动忽略的情况，分析了这些情况给服务质量带来的问题，从而提出一一种能对这两种情况进行析中的方法；速率控制，并对这种方法进行了论证。     

基于计算机图像处理的沁州黄小米产地判别研究

为了沁州黄小米的产地溯源和品牌保护，本研究采集沁州黄小米地理标志保护区及域外小米样品，利用计算机图像处理技术对来源于沁州黄小米保护区（核心区和非核心区）和域外区3个产区的小米有效颜色特征进行提取。分别建立Fisher判别、K最近邻判别和BP人工神经网络3种判别模型并进行比较。采用紫外可见光谱法和荧光定量PCR法对不同产区小米的总类胡萝卜素含量及其降解途径中的关键基因进行差异分析。结果表明：不同产区的沁州黄小米在RGB色彩模式中B值存在显著差异（P＜0.05）；3种判别模型中，BP人工神经网络判别模型正确率最高为96.7%，具有可行性。进一步分析表明，小米颜色参数变化与总类胡萝卜素含量有显著相关性，并且不同产区之间总类胡萝卜素含量存在显著差异（P＜0.05），核心产区小米的总类胡萝卜素含量最高，达到15.89 mg/kg；此外，沁州黄核心区小米中的类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶的表达量显著低于非核心区和域外区（P＜0.05）。本研究运用计算机图像处理技术和人工神经网络相结合的判别方法对沁州黄小米的不同产地进行了正确区分，具有一定的应用价值，可为沁州黄小米的产地溯源和品牌保护提供技术支持，同时对类胡萝卜素含量及降解途径中关键基因进行比较分析，从生化和分子水平揭示了引起不同产区沁州黄小米图像和品质差异的本质原因。     

水基油溶性堵剂室内研究

为了促进选择性堵水剂的研究应用，采用沥青，油溶树脂和适当的改性剂制备了水基油溶性堵剂并对其性能进行了实验对比考察，岩心实验结果表明，水基油溶性堵剂的堵水性能优于活性稠油，更优于水基冻胶堵剂，软化点接近于或低于岩心（地层）温度的堵剂，颗粒平均直径可以大于岩心孔孙平均直径，而软化点比岩心（地层）温度高20度以上时，直径比岩心孔隙直径小的颗粒才能进入岩心孔隙发挥封堵作用，沥青和石油树脂的软化点可由于加入不易软化的物质而升高，也可由于加入油类物质而降低。     

智能交通信号控制机的研究

基于现代城市交通控制的要求，本详细阐述了智能型交通信号控制机的结构与功能，并对各组成部分的工作原理及软件流程，进行了比较详细的分析。     

社会资本在基层社会管理创新和社区发展中的作用研究 ——以成都市高新区肖家河街道为例

社会转型背景下，我国自上而下的政 府主导的社会管理模式已经无法适应社区发 展需要，基层社会管理创新势在必行。本文首 先从社会资本这一概念入手，构建了以社会 资本为中介的基层社会管理创新与社区发展 之间存在互动关系的理论框架；然后以成都 市高新区肖家河街道为例，结合实地调研、问 卷和访谈等方法，从社会资本角度，分析了肖 家河街道以院落自治为主要内容的社会管理 创新得以顺利开展并取得成效的原因。研究 发现：社会资本现状决定基层社会管理创新 模式的选择，基层社会管理创新过程有助于 激发社会资本存量，社区社会资本的增加将 促进社区发展，而社区整体协调发展过程将 进一步提升社区社会资本质量。希望本文的 研究结论对今后的社会管理创新提供借鉴。