Fuzzy model forecasting of offshore bar-shape profiles under high waves

This paper proposes a fuzzy model for predicting the complex changes of offshore beach topographies under high waves. The fuzzy model was developed through the integration of autoregressive exogenous input models, a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model, subtractive clustering algorithms, and a weighted least squares estimation technique. The height, the period of ocean wave signals, and the initial cross-shore bar shapes are used as input signals while the topographic features of the bar shape profiles are adopted as the output signals. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy model, a variety of laboratory experiments at 1/50th scale were conducted and compared to the CSHORE mathematical model. The experimental studies show that the proposed fuzzy model is effective in predicting the topographic features of beach profiles and performs better than the CSHORE model.     

文化语境下城市滨水公园的设计探索——以成都市锦江滨河公园高新段景观设计为例

当代城市需要更多对城市文化的表达。成都市锦江滨河公园高新段通过对驳岸、水体及公园绿地的协同设计,对水文化和游赏文化的继承和重塑进行了一次全新的尝试。     

Effects of porous barriers such as coral reefs on coastal wave propagation

Observations following the Sumatra Tsunami in Sri Lanka have indicated significantly enhanced wave heights and water inundations in areas where coral poaching has been prevalent. It has been hypothesized [EOS, 86(33), 2005] that low-resistance paths created by coral removal have led to water jetting through them, while simultaneously reducing flow speeds in nearby coral-laden areas that offer higher bottom resistance to the flow. A laboratory experiment to verify this hypothesis is described in this paper, where corals are simulated using a submerged porous barrier made of a uniform array of rods that impose enhanced drag on the flow. The flow velocities pertinent to an oncoming solitary wave packet on a slope are measured in the presence and absence of the simulated uniform coral cover as well as with an opening (gap) in the coral canopy. It is shown that the coral canopy substantially decreases the flow velocity due to increase in the bottom drag coefficient, which is a strong function of the canopy porosity. The exit flow velocity from the gap is significantly higher compared to the surroundings, thus leading to jetting flow. The magnitude of jetting is a strong function of porosity, in addition to a suite of other parameters that accounts for waves, corals, water depth and gap size. The results support the notion that during isolated wave events the removal of natural barriers may cause local flow intensification, thus leading to adverse impacts on coastal assets and ecosystems in areas of barrier removal.     

大西线调水难以实现的若干问题分析

阐述制约大西线调水工程建设的若干问题,认为大西线调水难以解决大坝和水库漏水问题,以及水渠、倒虹吸等水利设施的安全性问题;由于大坝漏水,水库蓄水高度无法达到隧道进水口高度,大规模调水将难以进行。区内大规模调水,从生态环境角度看,将引起沙漠化、草原退化、植物群落消亡等问题;从经济角度看,由于不是自流调水,可调水量不大,工程建设与工程维护的投资巨大,调水的经济效益有限;从社会角度看,调水将改变西南与西北地区、我国和邻国之间的利益关系,会带来社会和政治问题。指出:大西线调水方案低估了施工难度和工程成本,夸大了可调水数量和经济与社会效益。     

青南高原砂金矿地质环境恢复治理模式探讨

青海省南部高原砂金矿资源丰富,由于历史上长时期大规模高强度的无序开采,砂金矿区的生态地质环境普遍遭到严重破坏,产生诸多矿山地质环境问题。本文以青南地区开采的砂金矿作为研究对象,系统研究了砂金矿开采产生的主要地质环境问题及其恢复治理概况,在此基础上提出“修复河道＋地貌平整＋客土回填＋植被恢复＋后期管护”的恢复治理模式,旨在为类似地区的生态环境修复提供参考。     

风景的重构 江苏连云港大沙湾海滨浴场

大沙湾海滨浴场位于连云港北部连岛度假区的东海岸,是一座建在山坡上的海滨公共设施。建筑师从海浪的形态中获得灵感,将一个简单的退台式剖面演化成自由奔放的海边巨构。人对建筑的使用体验融入对风景的体验,建筑也反过来重构了原有的风景。这些超过百米长度的板状建筑与自然界的山坡和海浪同时建立了尺度上的关系,并表达了这座城市崛起的雄心。     

厦门某海滨住宅夏季自然通风与室内热环境实测与分析

本文采用自动记录仪,对厦门某海滨住宅夏季自然通风与室内热环境进行实测。根据测得的自然通风时段,分析了自然通风对房间风速及室内热环境的影响。主要结论有:(1)在自然通风条件下,房间白天室内风速均值及波动值较夜间大。(2)房间在自然通风时段,室内气温均值略低于室外,室内气温波动明显低于室外且各房间气温波动差别不大;房间在非自然通风时段,室内气温均值与室外气温相当,室温变化相当平缓。(3)无论是自然通风还是非自然通风,房间的黑球温度与室内空气温度差别很小。(4)当房间处于非自然通风状态时,室内热环境总是处于"不可接受"水平,当房间处于自然通风状态时,其室内热环境几乎全时段达到"可接受"水平,且有的房间在某些时段可达到"热舒适"水平。     

Beach-Profile Measurement, Theory and Analysis: Practical Guidance and Applied Case Studies

Whilst beach-profile surveying is a relatively long-established and widely utilised shoreline monitoring technique, a considerable gap exists between theoretical and practical requirements from, and uses of, beach-profile data. The paper bridges this gap by providing a summary of the key elements of beach-profile measurement, theory and analysis. The benefits of applying these elements to practical coastal management are given in three case studies. The first case study presents results from beach-profile analysis on a regional scale in East Anglia. The second case study applies both analytical and theoretical techniques to investigate erosional problems along a coastal bay in Jersey. The third case study assesses the performance of two major sand-replenishment schemes in Poole Bay (on the south coast of England) based upon beach-profile volumetric analyses. Most importantly, the paper demonstrates that beach-profile measurement, theory and analysis can provide information of practical use in coastal management.     

砂金船采矿区复垦及其增产措施

讨论了砂金船采矿区对当地土壤及农业环境所具有的不同程度的影响，介绍了安康金矿的各种复田方式和不同增产措施的实践与经验。     

甘肃明水—黑鹰山成矿带自然重砂矿物资料成矿预测初探

甘肃明水—黑鹰山一带是一个金铜镍铁（钨锡）三级成矿带。针对该成矿带华力西期金铜镍铁（钨锡）成矿作用,以含矿建造为基础,利用自然重砂数据,对该成矿带内含矿建造划分成50个地质单元进行自然重砂数据赋值,结合地质单元内矿床（点）数量及规模信息进行系列量化,对不同地质单元进行预测评价。共获得A级单元预测区5个,B级单元预测区12个,C级单元预测区16个,并经过初步对比发现,已知矿床（点）均出露于A级或B级预测区内,预测结果与该区已知矿床出露范围相当吻合,为矿产预测评价和找矿勘查工作提供参考资料。