Characteristics and classification of high-current fault arcs on distribution systems

When a fault occurs on transmission or distribution systems due to lightning or overvoltage, often an arc discharge occurs at the fault point. The arc discharge, which is caused by a fault current, has a high current, high temperature, strong light emission, etc., thus it sometimes causes heavy damages to electric power equipment. The arc discharge is influenced by the conditions around the arcs, i.e., gas, insulation materials, gap length, weather, etc. Also, the arc voltage along the arc column indicates the characteristics of the arc. If the voltage waveforms of the arcs caused by the fault on transmission or distribution systems are classified, it is possible to find the location and the equipment where the fault occurred. In this paper, the arc voltage data in 6-kV class XLPE cables and 6-kV class overhead lines are analyzed and an artificial neural network method is applied to classify the arc voltage waveforms. The results obtained from the six artificial neural networks developed show that the artificial neural network method is effective for classification of arc voltage waveforms if adequate input parameters are selected.     

Isometric Piecewise Polynomial Curves

The main preoccupations of research in computer-aided geometric design have been on shape-specification techniques for polynomial curves and surfaces, and on the continuity between segments or patches. When modelling with such techniques, curves and surfaces can be compressed or expanded arbitrarily. There has been relatively little work on interacting with direct spatial properties of curves and surfaces, such as their arc length or surface area. As a first step, we derive families of parametric piecewise polynomial curves that satisfy various positional and tangential constraints together with arc-length constraints. We call these curves isometric curves. A space curve is defined as a sequence of polynomial curve segments, each of which is defined by the familiar Hermite or Bézier constraints for cubic polynomials; as well, each segment is constrained to have a specified arc length. We demonstrate that this class of curves is attractive and stable. We also describe the numerical techniques used that are sufficient for achieving real time interaction with these curves on low-end workstations.     

真空阴极弧离子镀类金刚石碳（DLC）膜的碳弧稳定性研究

选用氩气、氩气加氢气、氩气加乙炔等气体作为介质，石墨作为靶材进行真空阴极弧离子镀来制备类金刚石碳膜。石墨电弧有其独特的电弧特性曲线，不同气体介质对碳弧特性的影响不同，磁场的大小对电弧的稳定性有很大作用，碳弧下基片偏流随电弧电压的增加而减小，试验得到表面光滑的类金刚石碳（DLC）膜，对膜的表面进行了SEM分析。     

阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程的防雷设计与探讨

每年中国因雷电造成的事故层出不穷,在水电站投运后,雷击所产生的巨大电流对设备及人身造成的伤害不可逆转,严重情况下甚至会造成机组停机,大面积停电,从而影响人民的生产生活。为了方便后续阿尔塔什水利枢纽工程防直击雷的设计,本文通过对电站避雷针及避雷线的设置及联合保护范围的研究,最终确定防雷方案,运用了“图形”代替“公式”的计算方法,并提出了“防雷裕度”的必要性。     

基于暂态零序能量的配电网故障选线方法研究

针对中性点经消弧线圈接地系统发生单相接地故障时因故障边界复杂、随机,故障稳态分量小,零序瞬时功率倒相而导致传统的单一特征量选线方法失效问题,提出了一种新的基于暂态零序能量的选线方法。该方法通过一种数字滤波器来滤除暂态零序电流中的不对称分量和稳态工频分量,得到各条线路零序电流和母线零序电压的暂态纯故障分量,由此构造暂态零序能量,并根据暂态零序能量的大小和方向判断故障类型及线路,即发生单相接地故障时,非故障线路暂态零序能量的方向为正,故障线路暂态零序能量的方向为负,且其绝对值为其余线路暂态零序能量之和;发生母线接地故障时,母线暂态零序能量的大小为其余线路暂态零序能量之和。针对母线暂态零序能量受噪声影响大而导致选线灵敏度低的问题,提出将自动重合闸技术应用到该选线方法中的方案。Matlab仿真结果表明,该选线方法的准确性、可靠性较高。     

基于模糊神经网络的电弧炉控制系统及仿真

电极调节系统是电弧炉炼钢过程不可缺少的基本装备。目前常用的电极调节器大多是基于单相意识,导致电极调节中电极往往误动作,大大影响了电弧炉的运行效益。在模糊控制和神经网络的基础上,探索研究一种基于三相意识的电弧炉控制新方法,采用模糊神经网络调节器控制对电弧炉电极进行调节,控制弧流弧压稳定在一定范围之内,使电弧炉冶炼达到有功功率最大化,进一步提高电弧炉的综合运行效益,降低能耗、减轻对电网危害。并用matlab对模糊神经网络进行仿真。结果表明,本网络具有较快的训练速度和较高的泛化能力,满足电弧炉控制的要求,其控制性能优于常规电弧炉控制系统。     

不锈钢薄板等离子电弧加热柔性成形试验研究

介绍了等离子电弧加热金属薄板柔性成形的特点,分析了等离子电弧柔性成形的机理.通过实验,得出了扫描次数、电弧电流、扫描速度、电弧高度、薄板厚度等参数对弯曲变形的影响规律.该规律对于提高弯曲效率、改善表面质量具有一定的指导意义.     

CuCr25纳米晶化对真空电弧阴极斑点扩散的影响

采用氩气保护气氛高能球磨和真空热压技术制备了致密度大于98％的纳米晶CuCr25合金，并在真空室内进行击穿试验。采用扫描电镜对纳米晶和粗晶CuCr25合金阴极斑点蚀坑形貌进行观察。结果表明：粗晶CuCr25合金真空电弧阴极斑点扩散表现为原地重复燃烧或整体的跳跃式移动，且有选择地分布在Cr相。而纳米晶CuCr25合金由于晶粒细化（〈50nm），为电子发射提供了优越条件，阴极斑点的扩散表现为次级斑点的此起彼伏的准连续移动，击穿相均匀分布在整个阴极表面。