实施认可新准则加强实验室规范化管理

《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》分为l5项管理要素和10项技术要素。作者结合实验室的实际工作,从认可准则管理要求中的组织、管理体系、文件控制、纠正措施、内部审核和管理评审等几个方面有效地推进了实验室质量管理体系的建设,促进实验室的规范化管理。     

Failure mode and effects analysis using D numbers and grey relational projection method

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used risk assessment tool for defining, identifying and eliminating potential failures or problems in products, process, designs and services. Two critical issues of FMEA are the representation and handling of various types of assessments and the determination of risk priorities of failure modes. Many different approaches have been suggested to enhance the performance of traditional FMEA; however, deficiencies exist in these approaches. In this paper, based on a more effective representation of uncertain information, called D numbers, and an improved grey relational analysis method, grey relational projection (GRP), a new risk priority model is proposed for the risk evaluation in FMEA. In the proposed model, the assessment results of risk factors given by FMEA team members are expressed and modeled by D numbers. The GRP method is used to determine the risk priority order of the failure modes that have been identified. Finally, an illustrative case is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed model.     

化工槽车自动化洗涤装置失效原因分析及对策

对化工槽车自动化洗涤装置失效及其原因进行了分析,指出洗槽机的冲洗和抽水不匹配、洗涤工艺不满足设计要求、硬件出现故障及化学品性质的影响是导致洗涤失效的主要原因,提出了完善现场流程、优化工艺操作、使用自动化控制技术、加强设备维护和保养等解决失效的措施。     

An Objective Method to Prioritize Socio‐Environmental Water Management Tradeoffs Using Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis

Rivers provide many social and environmental services that benefit humanity. A critical role of water mangers is to prioritize water allocation options that trade off socio‐economic and hydro‐ecological benefits in rivers. Methods for multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) provide a structured and systematic manner for researchers to aid in this process. In this paper, we describe a new MCDA method that prioritizes large multi‐dimensional sets of tradeoffs to support well‐informed water management in rivers. The method was developed based on an environmental flows planning study in the Goulburn‐Broken River catchment, Victoria, Australia. A combined simulation and heuristic optimization procedure was previously integrated into a hydrological catchment network model. That process resulted in a large set of viable daily water allocation schedules that traded off long‐term irrigation and hydro‐ecological benefits at the catchment outlet. We provided new guidance procedures to identify priority tradeoffs that can be used in stakeholder deliberations and catchment decision‐making. Our MCDA method included combined multi‐dimensional ordination and cluster analysis to spread the water allocation alternatives onto a two‐dimensional plane to discover alternatives with similar criteria tradeoffs. A geometric distance‐based method was performed on the full set of alternatives and on the identified clusters to rank the alternatives in accordance with minimizing the distance of the alternatives to an ideal but non‐feasible reference point in multi‐dimensional space. This method complements the use of elicitation procedures when water manager or other stakeholder interaction is not an option or when objectivity is desired. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Web软件可信性的模糊评价方法

在对ISO/IEC 9126模型及Web软件属性图进行改进和扩充后,应用因子分析法构建了Web软件可信性评价指标体系,运用结构熵值法确定了各个可信指标的权重,并运用改进的证据合成方法构造专家评价信息的模糊评价矩阵;最后,运用置信度识别准则对软件可信性进行等级评价和得分计算,对应可信性决策规则集得出相应的策略。结合对Web软件中网上银行项目的实例分析说明了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

邻二甲苯泵用机械密封的失效分析

针对国产化过程中，邻二甲苯泵用机械密封工作时产生的故障，进行了失效分析。为邻二甲苯泵用机械密封的改造提供了依据。     

ADHESION OF ELASTOMERS: DWELL TIME EFFECTS

The strength of adhesion of elastomers to rigid substrates generally increases with time of contact. This effect has been studied for samples of butyl and chlorobutyl rubber adhering to some rigid substrates. The peel strength increased continuously over long periods of contact until in some cases failure became cohesive within the elastomer layer. At higher temperatures the strength increased more rapidly, consistent with the WLF relation governing molecular motions. It is postulated that slow molecular rearrangements occur at the interface and increase the bond strength. A criterion for the observed transition from interfacial to cohesive failure is suggested.     

Joint Determination of the State Dimension and Autoregressive Order for Models with Markov Regime Switching

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the problem of joint determination of the state dimension and autoregressive order of models with Markov‐switching parameters. A model selection procedure is proposed which is based on optimization of complexity‐penalized likelihood criteria. The efficacy of the procedure is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo experiments.     

蒸汽加热器弯头对焊焊缝开裂失效分析

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子能谱仪等测试手段,从材料成分、微观组织、断口形貌以及腐蚀产物成分等角度,分析了蒸汽加热器弯头对焊焊缝开裂失效的原因——系统操作过程中碱液进入蒸汽加热器所引起的应力腐蚀所致,同时提出了避免蒸汽加热器弯头对焊焊缝开裂失效的防护措施。