PETROLEUM MIGRATION, FAULTS AND OVERPRESSURE, PART I: CALIBRATING BASIN MODELLING USING PETROLEUM IN TRAPS — A REVIEW

This paper considers the principles of deciphering basin-scale hydrocarbon migration patterns using the geochemical information which is present in trapped petroleum. Petroleum accumulations in subsiding basins can be thought of as "data archives" within which stored information can help us to understand aspects of hydrocarbon formation and migration. This information can impart a time-resolved picture of hydrocarbon migration in a basin in response to processes associated with progressive burial, particularly in the context of the occurrence and periodic activity of faults.
This review, which includes a series of tentative models of migration-related processes in the extensional Halten Terrace area, offshore mid-Norway, illustrates how we can use information from the migrating mobile hydrocarbon phase to improve our knowledge of the static geological system. Of particular importance is the role of sub-seismic heterogeneities and faults in controlling migration processes. We focus on how the secondary migration process can be enhanced in a multi-source rock basin such as the Halten Terrace, thereby increasing prospectivity.     

A note on the value function for constrained control problems

We consider the Mayer optimal control problem with dynamics given by a nonconvex differential inclusion, whose trajectories are constrained to a given set and we obtain a relation between the costate function that appears in the maximum principle and the value function. This relation extends the known conditions existing in the literature for unconstrained problems to those for problems under state constraints.     

WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

Dealumination–aging pattern of REUSY zeolites contained in fluid cracking catalysts

The evolution of the properties of a REUSY zeolite contained in a fluid cracking catalyst was investigated under laboratory steam deactivation procedures and in age fractions of the corresponding equilibrium catalyst (Ecat). The aging pattern, defined by the evolution of the zeolite surface area (ZSA) related to the decrease of the unit cell size (UCS), was similar between lab-steamed zeolites and Ecat fractions. A sharp drop in ZSA occurred at ca. 2.430 nm UCS. A study done by FT-IR spectroscopy suggested that zeolite dealumination initially took place more extensively on the sodalite cages and double six-member rings (D6R) of the structure and that the final collapse of the zeolite framework occurred through destruction of the 12-member rings (12M). This can be explained by a crystal fracture and break down process and disassembling of the sodalite cages in the faujasite structure. NH₃ microcalorimetry showed that strong acid sites in faujasites are destroyed by steam aging, but this effect does not lead to a reduction in the cracking activity of the Ecat form. The microactivity test (MAT) showed that the specific activity declined sharply at 2.430 nm UCS. Differences in product selectivity were related to the extent of damage of the zeolite, extra-framework alumina and mesoporosity. While further aging canceled the effect attributed to extra-framework alumina differences attributed to mesoporosity increased.     

NADRA 3D information technology for analysis of processes in multicomponent soil media

This paper considers the principles of algorithmic and software implementation of the software system NADRA 3D designed to analyze processes in three-dimensional multicomponent soil media. The principles of operation of NADRA 3D are described. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 6, pp. 157–174, November–December 2006.     

大亚湾核电站18个月换料对流体系统的影响分析和论证

分析了大亚湾核电站18个月换料对流体系统可能产生的影响，根据改进后的燃料管理策略以及相关参数变化，遵照系统设计准则的要求。对14个流体系统的容量和能力进行了计算和论证。论证结果表明，大亚湾核电站现有系统基本满足18个月换料的需求     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON HORIZONTAL OIL-GAS FLOW

Experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of oil-gas flow in a horizontal pipe on a large scale (with the inner diameter D = 125 mm). With the experimental data, the flow patterns were presented. Through the analyses for the flow regime transition, it was found that there was a critical superficial velocity of liquid phase for the flow regime transiting from stratified flow to slug flow. The slug flow could not occur until the superficial velocity of liquid phase was higher than the critical velocity. For the flow pattern transiting from stratified to slug flow, the transmitting velocity of gas phase decreases with the augmentation of superficial velocity of liquid phase. On the basis of the experiments, numerical simulations of different flow patterns and their transitions were performed with the use of the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) technique. The results of the computations are shown to match well with the measured data in the experiments.     

Numerical analysis of two-dimensional steady-state and transient heat transfer in a parallel duct filled with pressurized He II

Analysis on steady-state and transient heat transfer on a flat plate at the middle of a parallel duct immersed in He II was performed for bath temperatures from 1.8 to 2.1 K at 101.3 kPa. Two-dimensional computer code named SUPER-2D developed by the authors based on the two-fluid model and the theory of mutual friction was used. Steady-state critical heat flux (CHF) and the time lag from the application of a step heat input to λ transition, that is called a lifetime, were obtained numerically for various step heat fluxes and for the channel gaps from 2 to 20 mm. Effect of the gap restriction on the CHF and the lifetime were clarified. The solutions were compared with the experimental data for the ducts with the same structures and the corresponding conditions. They agreed well with the experimental data. The heat transport mechanism in the parallel duct was clarified.     

Analyzing the performance and fairness of BitTorrent-like networks using a general fluid model

In this paper, a general fluid model is developed to study the performance and fairness of BitTorrent-like networks. The fluid model incorporates two important features previously isolated from system performance models, user settings with multiple groups and inter-group data exchange induced by the choking algorithm. Our numerical results point out some key parameters of performance, such as the staying time of seeders. Generally, selfish behavior does not receive equal performance degradation, and in some scenarios users have strong incentives of free-riding. We also find content delivery can be greatly deterred when malicious free-riders are overwhelming.